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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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military school
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where was napolean sent at the age of 10
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artilery
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what was napolean in charge of when the revolution broke out and he was 10
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bullied and was consumed with making a name for himself
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what was napolean's childhood like
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monarchy
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the rich or waealthy wanted this form of gvt
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success
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what fueled napoleans abmitions
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napolean
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moved from victorious general to political leader: overthrows 3 consuls and is named first consul for live
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napoleon
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able to create a vast empire and redraw a map of europe
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put family members on the thrones of europe
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what was one way mapoleon controlle the new countries
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desire to control everything
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what was napoleon's downfall
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he is exiled
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after napoleons bad move to try to tade over russia with the cold and no food what happens to him when he returns home
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waterloo
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when napoleon returns and england goes to war what british win gets rid of napoleon forever
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nicolaus copernicus
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polish scholar who published on the revolutions of the heavenly spheres and in it proposed heliocentric or suncentered universe
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johannes kepler
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brahe's assistant who used brahe's data to calculate the orbits of planets revolving around the sun- german astronomer and mathemetician
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galileo galilei
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observed 4 moons of jupiter with his telescome moving slowly aroung the planed and conclided that earth moves around sum. was sentenced to death because he contradicted the religion
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francis bacon
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rejected aristotles assumptions used scientific method with experimentation and observation to lead to practical thechologies
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rene descartes
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used scientific method and emphasized human reasoning as the best road to understanding. challenged traditions of universities that wanted to follow church
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isaac newton
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formed a theoryto prove planets movement came up with a force called gravity which kept planets in orbit. laws of motion. created calculus
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robert boyle
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distinguished between individual elements and chemical compounds. explained the effect of temmperature and pressure on gases: chemistry
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scientific method
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a new way of thinking based on experimentation and oberservation and changed the way europeans looded at the world
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french revolution
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social unrest economec troubles and the desire for political reforms led to this
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patron
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person who provides financial support for the arts
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humanism
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intellectual movement at the heart of the Italian Renaissance that focused on wordly subjects rather than on religious issues
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humanities
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study of subjects taught in ancient greece and rome such as grammar rhetoric poetry and history
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perspective
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artistic technique used to give drawings and paintings a 3d effect
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engraving
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art form in which an artist etches a design on a metal plate with acid and then uses the plate to make multiple prints
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vernacular
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everyday language of ordinary people
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utopian
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ideal society
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indulgence
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in the roman catholic church pardon for sins committed during a person's lifetime
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recant
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give up one's views or beliefs
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predestination
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idea that god long ago determined who will gain salvation
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theocracy
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gvt run by religious leaders
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annul
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cancel invalidate
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canonize
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recognize one as a saint
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compromise
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acceptable middle ground
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scapegoat
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person group or thing forced to tade the blame for the crimes or mistakes or others
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ghetto
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separate section of a city where members of a minority group are forced to live
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heliocentric
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based on the belief that the sun is the center of the universe
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hypothesis
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possible explanation
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scientific method
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painstaking method used to confirm findings and to prove or disprove a hypothesis
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gravity
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force that tends to pull one mass or object to another
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natural law
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rule or law that governs human antur
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social contract
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agreement by which people give up their freenod to a powerful gvt in order to avoid chaos
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natural right
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right that belons to all humans from birth
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philosophe
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member of a group of enlightenment thinkers who tried to apply the methods of science to the improvement of society
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physiocrat
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enlightnement thinkers who searched for natural laws to explain economics
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aissez faire
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policy allowing business to operate with little or no gvt interferenc
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censorship
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restrictio on access to aideas and information
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salon
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informal social gathering at which writers artists and philosophers exchange ides originated in france in the 1600s
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enlightened despot
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absolute ruler who uses power to bring about political and social change
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popular sovereignty
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states that all gvt power comes from the people
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bourgeoisie
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the middle class
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deficit spending
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situation in which a gvt spends more money than it takes in
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suffrage
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right to vote
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nationalism
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a strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country
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blockade
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shutting off of a port to deep people or supplies from moving in or out
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tariff
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tax on imported goods
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a renewed interest in culture and learning i western europe
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the term renaissance refers to:
a decline of feudalism and the rise of strong nation states the growing influence of the chuctch on daily life a renewed interest in culture and learning in western europe none of the above |
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nicolaus copernicus
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who was the polish astronomer who concluded that the sun was at the center of the solar system:
niccolo machiavelli galileo vasco da gama nicolaus copernicus |
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people challenged the power and authority of the catholic church
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during the reformation:
the catholich church united the people of europe rulers of new nation states looked to the pope for leadership people challenged the power and authroity of the chatholic church all of the above |
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opposed the selling of indulgences
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martin luther posted the ninety five theses on the door of the castle church because he:
though the pop should be chosen in free elections objected to the buying of church positions opposed the selling of indulgences all of the above |
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first estate
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what was the group of people who wanted kings aristocrats and church officials to hold power as they had before the french revolution
first estate liberals nationalists third estate |
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third estate
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the group of people that demanded a constitutuon guaranteeing freedom of speech press and releigion and they wanted a lawmaking parliament and the right to elect its members
liberals nationals first estate third estate |
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first
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the estate to which the clergy belonged:
first second third fourth |
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third
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social class of peasants city workers and farmers:
first second third fourth |
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denis diderot
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who was the author of the 28 volume encyclopedia written to change the general way of thinking in europe:
rousseau montesquieu wollstonecraft diderot |
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age of reason
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enlightenment means:
age of rebirth age of thinkers age of believers age of reason |
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age of rebirth
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reniassance means:
age of rebirth age of thinkers age of believers age of reason |
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none of the above
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this thinker believed that humankind was evil:
locke votaire rousseau none of the above |
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montesquieu
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this thinker believed in separation fo powers:
locke montesquieu hobbes rousseau |
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tariff
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tax on imported goods:
tariff natural law laissez faire suffrage |
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laissez faire
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gvt not participating in the economy is known as:
tariff natural law laissez faire suffrage |
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tariff
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tax on imported goods
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reformation
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a religious movement that gave birht to protestantism
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locke
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believed that men were naturally good and believed absolute monarchy was wrong
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montespuieu
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believed in checks and balances
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suffrage
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the right to vote
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robespierre
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chief architects of the riegn of terror
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social contract
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an agreement between the people an the gvt
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natural law
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rights that you are born with
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king louis
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caused the frnech rev
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rousseau
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most controversial of all the enlightened thinkers
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good
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hobbes did not believe in which idea bout humans:
good cruel greedy selfish |
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absolute monarchy
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hobbes believed in what style of gvt
democracy limited monarchy absolute monarchy dictatorship |
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pursuit of happiness
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locke believed in natural rights which one in sont included in his natural right
life liberty pursuit of happiness property |
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separation of powers
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montesquieu believed in what idea
natural rights separation of powers freedom of speech social contract |
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diderot
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the pope threatened to excommunicate roman chatholics who bought or read this mans books
locke montesquieu diderot rousseau |
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voltaire
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this man was inprisoned and exiled from the frnech gvt
voltaire locke diderot rousseau |
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freely elected
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rousseau believed in a gvt that was
absolute freely elected had limited power no gvt |
