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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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landmarks in eukaryotic cc |
M phase 1h (g0 phase + reentry point) g1 phase 6-12h s phase 6-8h g2 phase 3-4h |
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checkpoints where |
restriction point / g1 checkpoint: -> enter S big enough, environment, DNA damage? g2 checkpoint: -> enter M is all replicated, big enough M checkpoint: -> enter g1 |
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checkpoints how |
negative + positive response also regulation from outside the cell: growth factors |
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cyclin/cdk |
D, E, A, B CDK1, CDK2, CDK4, CDK5, |
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johnson - heterokaryon |
cells with two different nuclei in different points of cell cycle ?? |
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hartwell + nurse - cell division control genes |
isolation of yeast mutants ?? |
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S. cerevisiae |
budding yeast mutants are struck at some point in cell cycle |
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Schizosaccharomyces pombe |
no budding but elongation |
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hunt: cyclins |
cyclin degradation during mitosis |
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maller: discoveries in frogs |
found MPF in cytoplasm from M-phase cells -> maturation promoting factor = mitotic cyclin + cycline dependent kinase cdc2 |
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MPF |
two compartments: cyclin + cdk high levels during mitosis regulated due to phosphorylation feed forward mechanism |
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lamin |
filament of nuclear envelope lead to nuclear-envelope breakdown if phosphorylated by MPF |
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cyclin regulation |
-low level of cyclin -> inactive CDK -cyclin synthesis -> complex formed -cyclin/CDK with phosphorylated Tyr -> inactive (ATP binding site is blocked) -Tyr in T loop is phosphorylated other is removed -> active -phosphorylation of phosphates -> higher rate of active kinases -phosphorylation of DBRK -> activation addition of ubiquitin to cyclin of complex - degradation of cyclin -> inactive CDK |
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GF |
signal factor from one cell to another regulate different mechanisms eg. passage from g1 to S |
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Mitogen + MAPC |
protein responsible for activation of cell division Stimulus -> MAPKKK -> MAPKK -> MAPK -> biological response |
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ubiquitin |
eukaryotic regulatory protein changes characteristics of proteins if bound to them for cyclin degradation |
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Rb protein |
retinoblastom protein is a tumor suppressor protein |
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Cancer |
abnormal cell growth ability to spread into diff. body parts formation of metastasis |
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p53 |
protein for regulation of apoptosis and DNA repair regulates p21 which holds cell in g1 until damage is repaired |
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oncogenes |
cancer causing gene |
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control of cell growth 7 types of proteins |
growth factor growth factor + intracellular receptors intracellular transducer transcription factors anti-apoptosis proteins cell-cycllee control proteins DNA-repair proteins |
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cyclin B |
regulates M->g1 if degraded by MPF |
