Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
71 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Cardiovascular drugs ase used to treat a variety of conditions. Name (5)
|
1)congestive heart failure (CHF)
2)angina pectoris 3)arrhythmias 4)hypertension 5)hyperlipidemia |
|
What occurs when the heart muscle is weakened and unable to adequately pump blood?
|
congestive heart failure (CHF)
|
|
Name a group of chemically related drugs prescribed for congestive heart failure (CHF)?
|
cardic glycosides
|
|
In ancient times, cardiac glycosides were extracted from dried ___ ___. Today these drugs are extracted and purified synthetically.
|
foxglove plants (digitalis lanata)
|
|
What term refers collectively to all of the cardiac glycosides?
|
digitalis
|
|
digitoxin
|
cardiac glycoside used to treat CHF
|
|
digoxin
|
(Lanoxin) most commonly prescribed cardiac glycoside to treat CHF
|
|
What is an adverse effect of using cardiac glycosides to treat CHF?
|
Digitalis toxicity --nearly 1/3 of patients taking cardiac glycoside develop symptoms of digitalis toxicity.
|
|
To prevent digitalis toxicity, physicians order what test to determine the level of digitalis in the blood?
|
blood tests
|
|
dig levels
|
the level of digitalis in the blood
|
|
Symptoms of digitalis toxicity can be treated how? Name (3)
|
1)decreasing the dosage of the cardiac glycoside
2)changing the dosage of the cardiac glycoside to a less frequent schedule 3)in severe cases, administering a drug such as digoxin immune fab, that inactivates the cardic glycoside in the bloodstream. |
|
digoxin immune fab
|
a drug used to inactivate the cardiac glycoside in the bloodstream (Digitalis toxicity)
|
|
ACE inhibitors do what? Name (3)
|
1)decrease blood pressure
2)decrease pulmonary vascular and peripheral resistance 3)decrease heart size |
|
captopril
|
(Capoten) ACE inhibitor to treat CHF
|
|
enalapril
|
(Vasotec) ACE inhibitor to treat CHF
|
|
lisinopril
|
(Prinivil,Zestril) ACE inhibitor to treat CHF
|
|
quinapril
|
(Accupril) ACE inhibitor to treat CHF
|
|
The pain of ___ ___ occurs when cells of the myocardium receive insufficient oxygenated blood to meet their needs.
|
angina pectoris
|
|
Name 3 drugs used to treat angina pectoris.
|
1)nitrates
2)beta blockers 3)calcium channel blockers |
|
The most frequently prescribed nitrate used to treat angina pectoris is?
|
nitroglycerin
|
|
Name (7) ways nitrates, including nitroglycerin can be administered?
|
1)sublinguinally (SL)
2)sulinguinally as a tablet p.o. 3)transmucosally between the cheek and gum p.o. 4)orally as a sustained-release capsule or tablet p.o. 5)transdermally as a patch- PATCH 6)topically as an ointment- TOPICAL 7)intravenously- I.V. |
|
Nitro-Bid
|
nitratees used to treat angina
|
|
Nitro-Dur
|
nitrates used to treat angina
|
|
Nitrostat
|
nitrates used to treat angina
|
|
Transderm-Nitro patch
|
nitrates used to treat angina
|
|
Beta blockers do what? Name (3)
|
1)decrease the heart rate
2)which in turn decreases the need of the myocardium for oxygen 3)and then decreases angina pain |
|
atenolol
|
(Tenormin) beta blocker for angina pectoris
|
|
Lopressor
|
beta blocker for angina pectoris
|
|
Inderal
|
beta blocker for angina pectoris
|
|
for patients who have had a myocardial infarction (MI), the beta blocker ___ is the most commonly prescribed to prevent a second heart attack.
|
Inderal
|
|
What may be used in conjunction with nitrates and beta blockers to treat angina?
|
Calcium channel blockers
|
|
Calcium channel blockers do what?
|
relax the smooth muscle of the blood vessels to decrease arterial pressure.
|
|
diltiazem
|
(Cardizem) calcium channel blocker used in conjunction with nitrates and beta blockers to treat angina.
|
|
verapamil
|
calcium channel blocker used in conjunction with nitrates and beta blockers to treat angina
|
|
nifedipine
|
(Procardia) calcium channel blocker used in conjunction with nitrates and beta blockers to treat angina
|
|
captopril
|
(Capoten) drug used to treat myocardial infarction (MI)
|
|
losinopril
|
(Prinivil,Zestril) drugs used to treat myocardial infarction (MI)
|
|
quinapril
|
(Accupril) drug used to treat myocardial infarction (MI)
|
|
What is the most commonly used medication to help prevent a second heart attack?
|
aspirin
|
|
SA node
|
a small mass of specialized muscle in the posterior wall of the right atrium. Because of automatic self-excitation, the SA node initiates each heartbeat. The SA node is known as the "pacemaker" of the heart.
|
|
AV Node
|
(atrioventricular) is a group of muscle fibers that conducts the action of the heartbeat, located in the right atrium along the lower part of the septum. Here the transmission is delayed briefly, allowing time for the atria to complete their contraction. From the AV node, the action potential spreads into the specialized muscle fibers called the Purkinje fibers which form the atrioventricular bundle also called the bundle of His.
|
|
fleacanide
|
(Tambocor) drugs used to treat arrhythmia
|
|
quinidine
|
(Quinaglute, Quinidex) drugs used to treat arrhythmia
|
|
lidocaine
|
(Xylocaine) drug used to treat arrhythmia
|
|
Norpace
|
drug used to treat arrhythmia
|
|
Procainamide
|
(Pronestyl,Procan SR) drugs used to treat arrhythmia
|
|
Lotensin
|
ACE inhibitor drug used for treatment of hypertension
|
|
captopril
|
(Capoten) ACE inhibitor drug used to treat hypertension
|
|
enalapril
|
(Vasotec) ACE inhibitor drug used to treat hypertension
|
|
lisinopril
|
(Zestril) ACE inhibitor drug used to treat hypertension
|
|
Accupril
|
ACE inhibitor drug used to treat hypertension
|
|
What hypertensive drug is also used to relieve the symptoms of nicotine withdrawal in patients who have quit smoking?
|
clonidine (Catapres)
|
|
Lipitor
|
drug used to treat hyperlipidemia
|
|
Lescol
|
drug used to treat hyperlipidemia
|
|
Mevacor
|
drug used to treat hyperlipidemia
|
|
Zocor
|
drug used to treat hyperlipidemia
|
|
prostaglandin
|
produces vasodilation and relaxation of the smooth muscle
|
|
Dipyridamole
|
(Persantine) this drug is no longer used for angina, but is primarily given to patients who have coronary artery disease, but cannot tolerate an exercise stress test.
|
|
What do anticoagulant drugs do?
|
stop clot formation by inhibiting one or several clotting factors
|
|
heparin
|
most commonly prescribed anticoagulant drug
|
|
warfarin
|
(Coumadin) most commonly prescribed anticoagulant grug
|
|
dicumarol
|
anticoagulant drug
|
|
What do platelet aggregation inhibitors do?
|
prevent platelets from clumping (aggregating) to form a clot.
|
|
Aspirin
|
platelet aggregation inhibitor
|
|
dipyridamole
|
(Persantine) platelet aggregation inhibitor drug
|
|
Ticlid
|
platelet aggregation inhibitor drug
|
|
Anticoagulant drugs are not effective in dissolving clots that have already formed. Instead, ___ ___ and ___ ___ are used to lyse (cut) the thrombi (clot)>
|
tissue activators
thrombolytic enzymes |
|
streptokinase urokinase
|
thrombolytic drug used to lyse (cut) the thrombi (clots) once formed.
|
|
cryoprecipitate
|
used to treat bleeding disorders (hemophilia), using a freezing method
|
|
protamine sulfate
|
binded with heparin, this drug is used to treat heparin overdose or reverse the therapeutic effects of heparin administered during surgery for cardiac bypass
|
|
Vitamin K
|
is a coagulant drug used to restore normal blood clotting time
|