Module 4

Front 1

Osteoblast

Back 1

Bone forming cell.

Front 2

Osteocyte

Back 2

Mature bone cell surrounded by bone matrix.

Front 3

Osteoclast

Back 3

Large, multinucleated cell that breaks down bone.

Front 4

Callus

Back 4

A mass of connective tissue that connects to the ends of a broken bone.

Front 5

Anatomical Position

Back 5

Position acquired when one stands erect with feet facing forward, upper limbs hanging at sides, and palms facing forward with thumbs to outside.

Front 6

2 principal agents in bone matrix and how they affect properties of bone tissue.

Back 6

(A) Hydroxyapatite and (B) Collagen.

(A) Gives bones hardness and compressive strength.

(B) Gives bones some flexibility and tensile strength.

Front 7

Bone cell that is completely surrounded by bone matrix.

Back 7

Osteocyte ("mature bone cell").

Front 8

Bone cell that has more than one nucleus.

Back 8

Osteoclast.

Front 9

If you are looking at bone tissue through a microscope and see no osteons, is it compact or cancellous bone?

Back 9

Cancellous.

Front 10

(A) Kind of bone tissue that contains trabeculae.

(B) Often found in spaces between trabeculae.

Back 10

(A) Cancellous.

(B) Red bone marrow.

Front 11

(A) Term for layers of bone tissue that form an osteon.

(B) Term of layers of bone between osteons.

Back 11

(A) Concentric Lamallae.

(B) Interstitial Lamallae.

Front 12

Canaliculi

Back 12

Microscopic passageways in bone through which extensions of osteocytes run.

Front 13

6 reasons bone must be continually remodeled.

Back 13

1) Cancellous bone tissue often needs to be remodeled into compact bone tissue.

2) Bones increase and decrease in mass based on the stress they experience.

3) Bone is remodeled in order to re-shape bone as needed.

4) Bone is remodeled to repair broken bones.

5) Bone is remodeled to replace worn collagen/hydroxyapatite.

6) Bone is remodeled to regulate calcium levels in the body.

Front 14

Why doesn't the epiphyseal plate get thicker as the bone grows?

Back 14

Cartilage is ossified at the same rate at which it is added.

Front 15

On which side of the epiphyseal plate does tissue ossify?

Back 15

Diaphysis end.

Front 16

If long bone's epiphyseal plates have become epiphyseal lines, is there anyway that a bone can grow?

Back 16

Yes, but only in width.

Front 17

Appositional bone growth.

Back 17

When osteoblasts lay a new bone matrix on the surface of a bone.

Front 18

Order process that occur when bone is repaired according to sequence in which they occur:

A) External callus is removed by osteoclasts, and cancellous bone is remodeled if needed.

B) Hematoma forms.

C) Callus is ossified.

D) Callus forms.

Back 18

B, D, C, A.

Front 19

(A) Purpose of external callus.

(B) Purpose of internal callus.

Back 19

(A) To stabilize bone while it is being healed.

(B) Ossifies to become new bone tissue.

Front 20

(A) Gland that secretes calcitonin.

(B) Gland that secretes PTH.

Back 20

(A) Thyroid Gland.

(B) Parathyroid Gland.

Front 21

Effects of (A) Calcitonin and (B) PTH on the bone cells.

Back 21

(A) Decreases activity of osteoclasts.

(B) Stimulates more activity by osteoclasts.

Front 22

What does a large increase in Calcitonin levels of the body tell you about the calcium level in a person's body?

Back 22

The blood calcium level is too high.

Front 23

Gland that secretes Growth Hormones and it's effect on bone tissue.

Back 23

Anterior Pituitary Gland; Stimulates tissue growth by increasing osteoblast activity.

Front 24

Effect sex hormones have on bone growth.

Back 24

Stimulates osteoblast activity, causing rapid bone growth; Causes epiphyseal plates in long bones to ossify, stopping growth ( at least in length of long bones).

Front 25

3 major types of joints in body and the type associated most with movement.

Back 25

Fibrous, Cartilaginous, and Synovial.

Synovial.

Front 26

Purpose of articular cartilage in a Synovial Joint.

Back 26

Cushions ends of bones with "hard plastic" finish.

Front 27

Purpose of Synovial Fluid in a Synovial Joint.

Back 27

Lubricates joint; Supports chrondocytes in articular cartilage; Shock absorber.

Front 28

What produces Synovial Fluid?

Back 28

Synovial Membrane.

Front 29

6 Major types of Synovial Joints in order of DECREASING range of motion (assume pivot joints offer more mmotio than hinge).

Back 29

Ball-and-Joint, Saddle, Ellipsoid, Pivot, Hinge, Gliding (Plane).

Front 30

Motion exhibited on following:

A) Standing on tiptoe.

B) Straightening arms at elbow.

C) Twirling lower limb in air in circle.

D) Turning hands so palms point down.

E) Lifting arms from sided to horizontal to ground.

Back 30

A) Plantarflexion.

B) Extension.

C) Circumduction.

D) Pronation.

E) Adduction.

Front 31

Synovial Joint.

Back 31

A) Bursa

B) Fibrous Capsule

C) Synovial Membrane

D) Joint Cavity filled with Synovial Fluid

E) Articular Cartilage.

Front 32

Hematoma

Back 32

Mass of blood that confines a limited space.