Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
84 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
|
|
blood supply to the rectum
|
superior rectal an (caval) from IMA, aorta
-supplies the viscera portion superior to the pectinate line middle rectal from int iliac -anastamoses with both superior and inferior inferior rectal av (caval)from internal pudendal, int iliac -supplies below the pectinate line, somatic area |
|
blood supply to female genitalia
|
uterine artery from int iliac (traveling via broad ligament)
--uterus, fallopian tube, #ovarian artery ovarian artery from abd aorta (traveling via suspensory ligament made from traveling through perineum -ovaries, uterine fundus vaginal artery from int iliac (fem's inf vesicle a) -vaginal canal and adj.bladder and rectum internal pudendal from int iliac -supplies inferior vagina |
|
what is the lymphatic drainage of the rectum?
|
*rectum lymph (and superior most aspect of anal canal) drains to the inferior mesenteric nodes and the intestinal trunk (most of perineum doesn't go here!!!)
*superior anal lymph drains deeply to internal iliac nodes *inferior (post pectinate) anal lymph drains superficially to superficial inguinal nodes |
|
lymphatics of the uterus
|
fundus of the uterus
-take the round ligament to the superficial inguinal nodes most of uterus and ovaries -drains to depp inguinal nodes |
|
lymphatics of the vagina
inferior somatic vs. superior visceral? |
-the vestibule and inferior somatic (pudendal innv.) part drains superficially to superficial inguinals
-remainder drains to deep inguinal |
|
what is the lumbrosacral plexus and what spinal nerve' vental rami does it include?
|
L4-S4
-L4-L5 is the lumbar plexus -connecting lumbrosacral trunk (L4-L5) -S1-S4 is the sacral plexus |
|
what nerves from the lumbosacral plexus are destined to innervate the lower limb?
6 nerves, 2 pathways |
-obdurator nerve (obdurator canal)
Exit lumbosacral plexus via greater sciatic foramen-->glut region -superior gluteal nerve -inferior gluteal nerve -sciatic nerve -n. to quadratus femoris -posterior femoral cutaneous nerve -nerve to quadratus femoris |
|
lumbar plexus: I, I get laid on fridays
or Interested in getting laid on fridays? 11,22,33 |
Iliohypogastric(L1)
Ilioinguinal (L1) Genitofemoral(L1,L2) Lateral Femoral Cutaneus (L2, L3) Obdurator (L2,L3,L4) Femoral (L2,L3,L4) |
|
What branches from the lumbosaccral plexus will innervate pelvic and perineal structures?
4 Nerve to's 1 other with offshoots |
Nerve to piriformis
n. to obdurator internus (not obdurator n) n. to levator ani n. to coccygeus Pudendal nerve: -assists in levator ani innv. -inferior rectal nerve -perineal nerves |
|
pudendal nerve:
-what spinal nerves? -what does it innervate |
S2,3,4 ventral rami
-innervates skin and muscles of urogenital triangle |
|
pudendal nerve:
how does it travel to skin/UG triangle |
-travels with internal pudendal a/v: out greater and in lesser sciatic foramina (between sacroischial and sacrotuberous ligaments), through pudendal canal, which is fascia of the obdurator internus m
|
|
pudendal nerve:
what does it give off on the way? |
-inferior rectal nerve
-perineal nerve -motor branches to skeletal muscle in UGtriangle -dorsal n. to penis/clit, scrotal n./post labial n. -external urethral and anal sphincters! **** off the floor, screaming for more |
|
where does the sciatic nerve come from?
|
the sciatic nerve is the largest in the body
-comes from L4-S3 (entire lumbosacral trunk except S4,5Co1) -actually composed of distinct common fibular (lateral) and tibial(medial) parts |
|
where are pelvic splanchnic nerves coming from?
|
originate from S2-S4 to deliever preganglionic parasympathetic fibers to the pelvic part of the paravertebral plexus
|
|
what is pudendal block?
|
childbirth anesthesia
-palpate ischial spine to find pudendal nerve -perineum is anesthetized |
|
superior gluteal nerve?
-spinal nerves? -muscles innv? -path? |
L4-S1
supplies gluteus medius, minimus and tensor fascia latae leaves pelvic cavity superior to periformis and out of the greater sciatic canal |
|
inferior gluteal nerve
-from? -innv? -path? |
-dorsal flex L5-S2
glutteus maximus -accompanied by superior gluteal av -through greater sciatic above piri |
|
nerve to obdurator internus (not obdurator n!)
-from? -innv? -path? |
-from ventral extens L5-S2
-associated with superior gemellus muscle -same path as pudendal nerve: leaves greater sciatic inf to piri, passes ischial spine, returns via lesser into perineum -innv. obdurator internus (medial thigh), gemellis superior(flanking above obdurator internus |
|
nerve to quadratus femoris
|
innv quadratus femoris, which connects the head of the femur to the ischial tuberosity
|
|
what does the tibial part of the sciatic nerve do for motor function?
|
-posterior leg, hamstring muscles including adductor magnus, except short head of the biceps femoris
-all muscles in posterior compartment of the leg -all muscles on sole of foot tibial plantar(tibial was ventral) |
|
what does the tibial part of the sciatic nerve do for foot sensory cutaneous function?
|
sole of foot where tibial n. terminates
also contributes to sural n. |
|
tibial nerve details branching and innervation
|
|
|
common fibular(lateral) part of sciatic nerve motor fxn
|
(fibular artery a bit diff, comes off of femoral/popliteal)
-short head of biceps femoris in posterior thigh (all else there is tibial) -all muscles in anterior and lateral leg -extensor digitorum brevis in foot |
|
common fibular (dorsaldivision/lateral part) of sciatic nerve cutaneous fnx
|
anterolateral/ surface of leg and dorsal surface of foot
|
|
where does sensory cutaneous function of the posterior thigh come from?
|
posterior femoral cutaneous nerve of the thigh from S1, S3
perforatin cutaneous nerve also innv a bit of gluteal fold, overlapping with the posterior femoral cutaneous nerve |
|
how is piriformis innervated?
|
it's own nerve from the lumbosacral plexus, nerve to piriformis
|
|
what do pelvic splanchnics do?
types of abdominopelvic splanchnics |
from S2-S4
-motor: visceral motor to preganglionic part of prevertebral plexus -stimulate erection, inhibit internal urethral -modulate GI mobility Sensory: visceral afferents from distal colon and pelvic viscera, pain from cervix, bladder, urethra |
|
what are the prevertebral ganglions of the pelvic splanchnics?
|
inferior and superior hypogastric plexuses
-presynaptic lumbar and saccral spinal nerves synapse here if symathetic and not if parasymathetic. postsynapic sympathetic neurons follow vasculature or not to targets in the perineum and pelvis |
|
how does visceral pain work above and below the pain line?
|
*above the pain line, visceral pain afferents travel to DRGs of segments T5-L2 with SYMPATHETICS
*Below pelvic pain line, visceral pain travels to DRG of S2-4 with PARASYMPATHETICS |
|
superior gluteal a
|
*post trunk of internal iliac bcms superior gluteal a
*takes gsf above piri *suppleis gluts |
|
umbilical a
|
*from anterior trunk of internal iliac a
*gives off superior vesicle artery on the way to the umbilicum *not so imp after fetal time, becomes ligament, but superior vesicle a is very imp! |
|
superior vesicle artery
|
*supplies superior aspect of bladder
*ureters *sometimes supplies vas defs |
|
obdurator artery
|
*from internal iliac
*travels through obdurator canal with obdurator van through obd internus in obd formamen *supplies medial thigh |
|
general overview of bones of the arm, forearm, hand
|
arm: humerus from glenoid fossa of scapula
forearm: radius near thumb (lateral) ulna medial *Radius makes wRist contact *uLna makes eLbow contact hand: distal radius/scaphoid and lunate carpals (8) metacarpels (5) phalanges (14) |
|
carpals (8)
|
some lovers try positions that they can't handle
|
|
developmentally ventral muscles are.....
|
found in posterior/medial compartments
flexors |
|
developmentally dorsal muscles are...
|
found in the anterior/lateral cmpartments and are extensors
|
|
what 5 nerves innervate the muscles of the arm?
make me understand RX |
the branches that come off of the brachial plexus:from lateral to medial (was superior to inferior at the shoulder)
make me understand Rx Lateral and Medial derived (ventral) musculocutaneous median ulnar Posterior derived (dorsal) radial axillary |
|
ulnar is..
|
ulone.
only ventral division of inferior trunk contributes, whereas musclocutaneous gets ventral divisions of superior and middle trunks to form lateral cord and branch |
|
what is flexion of the hip?
|
hip flexes forward
|
|
what is flexion of the knee ankle and toes?
|
knee flexes backwards
|
|
what is foot flexion?
|
both are flexion for the foot
|
|
flexion is usually more movement...
|
hip: you can bend(flex) all the way forward and touch your toes, but not all the way back:flexion is anterior
knees: you can bend your knees all the way back and touch your feet to your butt (flexion is backwards) arms: you can flex your biceps all the way and touch your fingers to your shoulders in front, but not back. |
|
what is the deep fascia of the arm, forearm and hand called?
|
Brachial fascia-arm
antebrachial fascia-forearm palmar fascia |
|
how are compartments formed in the limbs?
|
-Intermuscular septa: deep fascia extending inward to create fascial compartments
-in the leg and arm, interosseous membranes help |
|
what compartments does the arm have?
red=dorsal blue=ventral |
anterior and posterior upper arm
|
|
what is the primary blood supply, innervation and muscle action of the:
anterior arm? |
-Brachial artery
-musclulocutanous nerve -flexors of the shoulder and elbow |
|
what is the primary blood supply, innervation and muscle action of the:
posterior arm? |
-Profunda Brachii artery
-radial nerve -extensors of the shoulder and elbows |
|
what is the primary blood supply, innervation and muscle action of the:
anterior forearm? |
ANTERIOR FOREARM
-Ulnar, radial and anterior interosseus arteries -median nerve and ulnar nerve -flexos of the elbow and digits -pronators of the radioulnar joints |
|
what is the primary blood supply, innervation and muscle action of the:
Posterior forearm |
-posterior interosseus artery
-radial nerve -extensors of the elbow and digits -supinators of the radioulnar joints |
|
what is the primary blood supply, innervation and muscle action of the:
Medial (palmar) hand |
-superficial and deep palmar arterial arches
-ulnar n. -act of 5th digit |
|
what is the primary blood supply, innervation and muscle action of the:
central palmar hand |
superficial and deep palmar arterial arches
median and ulnar nerves digit flexion |
|
what is the primary blood supply, innervation and muscle action of the:
lateral palmar hand |
superficial and deep palmar arterial arches
median n acts on pollex |
|
what is the primary blood supply, innervation and muscle action of the:
interosseus palmar hand |
ulnar n
superficial and deep palmar arterial arches digit abd/add |
|
what is the primary blood supply, innervation and muscle action of the:
posterior dorsal hand |
radial artery
there are no intrinsic muscles on the hand dorsum |
|
what are the compartments of the lower limb? fascia?
|
fascia-lata gluteal and crural leg
|
|
what is in the superficial fascia of the lower limb?
|
-Great saphenous vien(medial. hallux-->femoral v)
-small saphenous(sural/sm toe-->popliteal v) -perforating veins that drain deep companion vv -superficial lymph follows G.Saph to superficial inguinals -deep lymph follows deep veins to deep ing nodes |
|
venous drainage in the leg: 2 tricks
|
-muscle constriction and valves on perforating veins
|
|
what is the pes anserinus?
|
goose's foot
common insertion point for sartorius(anterior), gracilis (medial) and semitendinosis(posterior) |
|
what are the superficial muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh? (6)
|
-iliopsoas
-tensor fascia latae -vastus lateralis -rectus femoris -sartorius -vastus medialis |
|
what muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?
|
-Pectineus
-adductor longus(over magnus) -Gracilis -adductor magnus(makes adductor canal/hiatus) *adductor magnus has an adductor and hamstring part |
|
What is the adductor canal?
|
-a pathway allowing for the femoral VAN and saphenous nerve, nerve to vastus medialis, to pass from the femoral triangle to the popliteal fossa
*begins at intersection of sartorius(lateral) and adductor longus(medial), the apex of the femoral triangle -ends at the adductor hiatus, a gap between two insertion points of the adductor magnus muscle |
|
what do the parts of the adductor longus look like?
|
*notice how the adductors curve, while hamstrings don't
|
|
what is the femoral triangle, sheath vs. canal vs. ring?
|
triangle=Fem.VANLF
sheath=femVALF canal=ring=LF, where hernias occur *nerve is not in sheath *lymph area is the ring/canal |
|
what three arteries enter the thigh?
|
femoral
obdurator inferior gluteal |
|
if you count branching, what are all the arteries?
|
femoral(anterior)
--deep femoral(all) ------medial circumflex femoral(medial thigh) ------lateral circumflex femoral(lateral thigh) ------perforating arteries obdurator(medial thigh, head of femur) inf gluteal |
|
what passes through the greater sciatic foramen
|
|
|
what passes through the lesser sciatic foramen?
|
|
|
what is the OIIA of the gluteus maximus?
|
-origin-post pelvic girdle, acrotuberous ligament
-insertion-gluteal tuberosity and IT band -innv: inf gluteal n -action:extends a flexed thigh -separated from ischial tuberosity and greater trochanter by bursa |
|
tensor fascia lata
OIIA |
|
|
lesser (medius and minimus) gluteals
OIIA |
origin:gluteal lines
insertion: greater trochanter innervation:superior gluteal VAN action: abduct the thigh |
|
lateral rotators of the hip
|
-piriformis(own nerve)
-obdurator internus(own nerve) -superior (nerve to obd int)and inferior gemellus(nerve toquad fem) -quadratus femoris (own) |
|
superficial muscles of the posterior thigh
|
two ladies tend and mend
biceps femoris semitendinosis and semimembranosis *tibby tends and mends (tibial hamstrings) *shorty fibs(short head of biceps femoris) |
|
All hamstrings:
|
-arise from tibial tuberosity
-innv by tibial n (tibby tends and mends long time) HAMSTRINGS -semitendinosis -semimembranosis -long head of biceps femoris (looks lean like others) |
|
why is shorty not a ham?
|
short head of biceps femoris is not a hamstring because:
-shorty is innv by common fibular nerve shorty fibs -shorty arises from femoral shaft, not ischial tuberosity |
|
what are the boundaries of the popliteal fossa?
|
|
|
what are the contents of the popliteal fossa?
|
-politeal a (deepest)
-pop vein -lymph -tibial and common fibular nerves -surals may come off from fossa -tibial and small saphenous should come off |
|
what is genicalar anastamosis
|
what prevents ischemia if you bend your knee by bypassing popliteal artery
|
|
what does the talus and calcaneous look like? (ID isolated)
|
connects ankle to foot
|
|
what are the bones of the foot?
|
Calcaneous
Talus Cuboid Navicular Cuniforms Metatarsels Phalanges |
|
what are the joints of the foot?
|
Subtalar joint
transverse tarsal joint MP (Metotarsel-phalangeal) joints IP (interphalangeal) joints |
|
what is in the tarsel tunnel?
Tom Dick And Very Nervous Harry |
From the Medial Malleolus
Tom 1) tendon of tibialis posterior Dick 2)tendon of flexor digitorum longus And 3)posterior tibial artery Very 4)posterior tibial vein Nervous 5)tibial nerve Harry 6)tendom of hallucis longus |
|
muscles and tarsel tunnel
|
|