Mm 7

Front 1

The study of the relationship between a drug's dose, tissue concentration, and elapsed time is
called pharmacokinetics (how a body affects a drug). The study of drug action, including toxic
responses, is called

Back 1

pharmacodynamics (how a drug affects a body).

Front 2

The greater the uptake of anesthetic agent, the greater the difference between inspired and
alveolar concentrations, and the slower the rate of __________.

Back 2

induction.

Front 3

Three factors affect anesthetic uptake:

Back 3

solubility in the blood,

alveolar blood flow,

and the
difference in partial pressure between alveolar gas and venous blood.

Front 4

predispose patients to overdosage with soluble agents, as the rate of rise in
alveolar concentrations will be markedly increased.

Back 4

Low-output states

Front 5

7. factors that speed induction also speed recovery:

Back 5

1 elimination of rebreathing,
2 high fresh gas flows,
3. low anesthetic-circuit volume,
4. low absorption by the anesthetic circuit,
5.decreased solubility,
6. high cerebral blood flow,
7. increased ventilation.

Front 6

General anesthesia is an altered physiological state characterized by 4 states

Back 6

reversible loss of consciousness,
analgesia of the entire body, amnesia,
and some degree of muscle relaxation.

Front 7

The unitary hypothesis proposes that

Back 7

all inhalation agents share a common mechanism of action
at the molecular level. This is supported by the observation that the anesthetic potency of inhalation agents correlates directly with their lipid solubility (Meyer–Overton rule).

Front 8

Meyer–Overton rule

Back 8

anesthetic potency of inhalation
agents correlates directly with their lipid solubility

Front 9

The minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) is

Back 9

alveolar concentration of an inhaled
anesthetic that prevents movement in 50% of patients in response to a standardized stimulus (eg,
surgical incision).

Front 10

Prolonged exposure to anesthetic concentrations of nitrous oxide can result in 2x

Back 10

bone marrow
depression (megaloblastic anemia) and even neurological deficiencies (peripheral neuropathies and
pernicious anemia).

Front 11

Halothane hepatitis risk 4x

Back 11

Patients exposed to multiple
halothane anesthetics at short intervals,
middle-aged obese women, and persons with a familial
predisposition to halothane toxicity
personal history of toxicity are considered to be at increased
risk.

Front 12

Isoflurane dilates__________

Back 12

Isoflurane dilates coronary arteries, but is not nearly as potent a dilator as nitroglycerin or
adenosine.

Front 13

Rapid increases in desflurane concentration lead to

Back 13

transient but sometimes worrisome
elevations in heart rate, blood pressure, and catecholamine levels that are more pronounced than
occur with isoflurane, particularly in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Front 14

excellent choice for smooth and rapid inhalation inductions in pediatric and adult patients.

Back 14

sevoflurane

Nonpungency and rapid increases in alveolar anesthetic concentration

Front 15

The course of general anesthesia can be divided into three phases:

Back 15

(1) induction, (2) maintenance,
and (3) emergence.

Front 16

study of the relationship between a drug's dose, tissue concentration, and elapsed time is

Back 16

pharmacokinetics (how a body affects a drug).

Front 17

Although the mechanism of action of inhalation anesthetics remains unknown, it is assumed that their
ultimate effect depends on

Back 17

attainment of a therapeutic tissue concentration in the central nervous system.

Front 18

actual composition of the inspired gas mixture depends mainly on 3x

Back 18

the fresh gas flow rate,
the volume of the breathing system,
and any absorption by the machine or breathing circuit.

Front 19

The greater the uptake, the slower the rate of rise of the alveolar concentration and the lower the_/__ ratio.

Back 19

FA:FI

Front 20

The alveolar partial pressure is important because it determines the partial pressure of anesthetic in

Back 20

anesthetic in the blood and, ultimately, in the brain.

Front 21

the partial pressure of the
anesthetic in the brain is directly proportional to its

Back 21

brain tissue concentration, which determines clinical
effect.

Front 22

Three factors affect anesthetic uptake:

Back 22

1. solubility in the blood,
2. alveolar blood flow,
3. and the difference in partial pressure between alveolar gas and venous blood.

Front 23

stop

Back 23

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