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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
cell division
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process by which a cell divides into two new daughter cells
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mitosis
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part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides
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cytokinesis
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division of the cytoplasm during cell division
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chromatid
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one of two identical "sister" parts of a duplicated chromosome
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centromere
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area where the chromatids of a chromosome are attached
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interphase
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period of the cell cycle between cell divisions
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cell cycle
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series of events that cells go through as they grow and divide
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prophase
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first and longest phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes become visible and the centrioles separate and take up positions on the opposite sides of the nucleus
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centriole
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one of two tiny structures located in the cytoplasm of animal cells near the nuclear envelope
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spindle
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fanlike microtubule structure that helps separate the chromosomes during mitosis
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metaphase
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second phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell
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anaphase
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the third phase of mitosis,during which the chromosome pairs separate and move toward opposite poles
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telophase
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fourth and final phase of mitosis, during which the chromosomes begin to disperse into a tangle of dense material
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cyclin
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one of a family of closely related proteins that regulate the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells
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cancer
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disorder in which some of the body's own cells lose the ability to control growth
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homologous
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term used to refer to chromosomes that each have a corresponding chromosome from the opposite-sex parent
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diploid
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term used to refer to a cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes
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haploid
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term used to refer to a cell that contains only a single set of chromosomes and therefore only a single set of genes
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meiosis
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process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell
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tetrad
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structure containing 4 chromatids that forms during meiosis
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crossing over
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process in which homologous chromosomes exchange portions of their chromatids during meiosis
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synapsis
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the joining of the homologous chromosomes to form a tetrad in prophase 1 of meiosis
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disjunction
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the separation of the tetrads into 2 replicated daughter chromosomes in anaphase 1 of meiosis
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