Mitosis

Front 1

Phase in which cell doubles in size and DNA content

Back 1

Interphase

Front 2

Phases of Interphase

Back 2

G1
S
G2

Front 3

G0

Back 3

Quiescent phase no more synthesis occurs

Front 4

G1

Back 4

-period of after mitosis
-RNA and Protein synthesis
-Cyclin D & E bind to Cyclin Dependent Kinase (CDK) to initiate progression to S

Front 5

S

Back 5

- DNA replication
- Protein synthesis
- Chromosomal duplication
- Centromere duplication
- Cyclin A binds to CDK to enter G2

Front 6

G2

Back 6

-2-4 hours
-Centrioles grow
-Energy for mitosis stored
-RNA and Proteins for mitosis synthesized
-Tubulin for spindle apparatus synthesized
-Cyclin B initiates entry to M phase

Front 7

Mitosis

Back 7

-2 identical daughter cells
-Prophase
-Prometaphase
-Metaphase
-Anaphase
-Telophase

Front 8

Prophase

Back 8

-nuclear envelope and nucleolus begin to disappear
-chromosomes condense
-2 sister chromatids attached at centromere
-Centrioles migrate to opposite poles giving rise to astral rays and spindle fibers
-DNA = 4n (doubled)

Front 9

Centrosome

Back 9

-centrioles
-α-tubulin rings in a cloud
-Microtubule Organizing Center (MTOC)

Front 10

Chromosome

Back 10

-2 parallel sister chromatids attached at centromere
-Kinetochores form at centromeres, MTOC

Front 11

Prometaphase

Back 11

-nuclear envelope disappears
-kinetochore microtubules form
-polar microtubles (spindle mt not attached to kinetochore)

Front 12

Metaphase

Back 12

-chromosomes align at equatorial plate of mitotic spindle and attach to spindle mt at kinetochore
-4n DNA

Front 13

Anaphase

Back 13

-chromatids separate at centromere cohesion degrades, spindle elongates
-4n DNA
-Contractile ring of actin microfilaments forms around cell

Front 14

Anaphase A

Back 14

-kinetochores shorten, pulling daughters to poles
-(-) end directed motor protein at kinetochore

Front 15

Anaphase B

Back 15

-overlapping polar mt slide against each other pushing on opposite pole and pulling towards its own pole
-(-) end directed motor proteins at astral mt. binding to cell cortex
-(+) end directed motor proteins at midbody of overlapping polar mt.

Front 16

Telophase

Back 16

-each daughter reaches a pole
-mt in the overlapping polar midbridge mt depolymerize  cytokinesis
-nuclear envelope reforms
-nucleoli reappear
-cell returns to interphase appearance
-2n DNA

Front 17

Microtubules

Back 17

-Mitotic spindle
-Polar: go toward the equatorial plane
-Astral: go towards one end of pm
-Kinetochore: from the centromere
-Grow towards (+) end
-No spindle no cell division, so cancer drug target
-Taxol: stabilizes mt. so no division
-Anti-MT: Colchichine; Vinblastine; Nocodazole

Front 18

Actin

Back 18

-contactile ring during cytokinesis
-bipolar myosin II filaments slide actin against itself

Front 19

Intermediate Filaments

Back 19

-breakdown of and reassembly of nuclear envelope
-phophorylation of lamins triggers disassembly of nuclear lamina
-P added around prophase, and removed after prophase

Front 20

Fate of Organelles in Mitosis

Back 20

-ER, Golgi vesiculate when nuclear envelope breaks down, reform in telophase
-Mitochondira, peroxisomes and lysosomes remain unchanged