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672 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Estrogen - gall bladder
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hypercholesterol via increased HMG-CoA reductase
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Ataxia telangectasia
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Inefficient DNA repair with immunodeficiency [URIs] and cerebellar atrophy
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Increased AchE in aminocentesis
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Failed neural tube closure [in addition to AFP]
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N-acetylglutamate
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Activator of Carbamoyl phosphate synthase I - first step of the urea cycle
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N-acetylcystine
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Acetaminophen overdose
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Folinic acid
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"Leucovorin, methotrexate rescue"
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Odansetron
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"5-HT3 antagonist, tx NV during chemo"
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Filgrastim
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G-CSF
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Dexrazoxane
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"Iron chelation, for doxorubicin"
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Amifostine
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Free radical scavenger for platinum chemo
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Pre-eclampsia
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"Hypertension, proteinuria, edema during pregnancy"
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Loop of henle Potassium
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Na/k/2Cl cotransporter
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Carbon monoxide
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Strong competitive binding to heme [220x]
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Actinomyces israelii
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"Cause cervicofacial actinomycosis, yellowish pus"
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Ecthyma gangrenosum
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"Psudomonals bacteremia, exotoxins causing skin lesions"
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Delusional disorder
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Situational paranoia
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Dopamine on the heart
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Low: increased renal blood flow. Mid: B1 agonist too. High: a1 agonist
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"""-glitazone side effects"
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Check LFTs [hepatotox]
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EBV malignancies
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"Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Burkitt's lymphoma"
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Tetanus toxin
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"No assay, clinical exam"
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Kawasaki's disease [4 items]
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"Fever, bilateral conjunctivitis, lymphadenopathy, cutaneous [strawberry tongue, palm/sole edema/erythema, rash]"
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Diphenhydramine side effects
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"Antimuscarinic, anti alpha adrenergic, anti serotonergic"
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Neuroleptic malignant syndrome
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"Haloperidol induced, causes anti-dopaminergic sx: [hyperthermia, rigidity, autonomic instability, altered MS]"
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Valproic Acid Pregnancy
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Neural tube defects
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Capitation payment
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Pay per enrollee
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Superior gluteal nerve location
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Superiomedial quadrant of the butt
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Gallstone forming meds
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"Fibrates, cholestyramine"
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Fabry disease
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"x-linked, Angiokeratoma is a Fabric of vessels and Galaxy of skin spots"
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Gaucher's
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"Glucocerebroside, Gaucher's macrophages, HSM, pancytopenia"
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Hurler/hunter's
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"Hunter is pointing his gun to the X. Hurler who's like Hunter but because of corneal clouding he can't hunt well, Heparin and Dermatan sulfate"
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Niemann Pick
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"No man picks is nose with hi- Sphinger; HSM, Cherry-red"
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Tay Sach's
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"GM2 ganglioside - cherry red with no HSM, neuro"
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Krabbe
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"Galactocerebrosidase, neurodegeneration"
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Metachromatic leukodystrophy
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"arylsulfatase A, muscle wasting, dementia, ataxia"
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Atelectasis ? Compliance
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Decreased compliance
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Familial gestational diabetes
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Glucokinase [mild] deficiency in B cells
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Pramipexole
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Dopamine agonist
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HIV pol
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polymerase genes
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HIV gag
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p-genes
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HIV env
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gp-genes
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Alkaptonuria
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"Tyrosine to fumarate, black urine"
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Opiate- no tolerance developed
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Comstipation and miosis
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B6 deficiency
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Sensory ataxia and decreased pain sensation
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Sensory ataxia and decreased pain sensation
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B6 deficiency
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"Anastrozole
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letrozole, exemestane",Aromatase inhibitors [breast cancer]
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NSAID nephropathy
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Chronic interstitial nephritis
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Oxalate crystals in tubule lumen
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ethylene glycol poisoning
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Chancre
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primary syph
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Gumma
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tertiary syph
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Condyloma lata
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secondary syph
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Breakdown of bruises
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Heme oxygenase
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Petichial rash on trunk and extremities + meningitis
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Meningococcus
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Aspiration pneumonia
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"Oral contents, not gastric!"
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Chediak Higashi syndrome
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"Immunodeficiency, albinism, neurologic"
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Swelling painful hands and feet in a newborn
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Sickle cell
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HIDA scan
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gallbladder radionucleotide
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Traveller's diarrhea
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"ETEC, cholera like toxin"
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Blood in stomach after severe trauma
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Stress-related mucosal erosion
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MNGC w/ internuclear inclusion
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"Tzanck stain, Herpes"
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Nitroglycerin effects
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Decreased ventricular preload
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Hep B damage
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Mostly CD8 killing
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Niacin effects on HTN and DM
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"improve HTN, worsen DM"
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Facial palsy and joint arthritis
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Lyme
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Lithium interactions
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"HCTZ, ACEi, NSAIDs increase lithium load -> neurologic symptoms"
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Lithium toxicity
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hemodialysis
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Unilateral fetal hydronephrosis
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Obstruction at the ureteropelvic junction
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WFS
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Meningococcus
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Cardiac effects of alcohol overdose
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A Fib
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Foot drop
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Common peroneal nerve injury
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Vertical diplopia
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trochlear nerve
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ventromedial hypothalamus
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leptin sensitive, eating
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Ovary supply
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suspensory ligament
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Emergency airway
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Between the thyroid and the cricoid cartilages
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Testes drainage
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para aortic
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Penis drainage
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deep inguinal
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Cutaneous drainage
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superficial inguinal
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haloperidol side effects
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parkinsonian, tx: benztropine
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Berkson's bias
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hospitalized subjects
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Hawthorn bias
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being studied changes behavior
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Pygmalion bias
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researcher's belif in the efficacy of treatment
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Lead time bias
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screening study has apparent tx effect
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VIPoma
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secretory diarrhea, inhibited by somatostatin
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Isoniazid activation
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catalase peroxidase
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isoniazid supplementation
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B6
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Pyranzimide
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decreases cell pH, needs activation
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Homocystinuria
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tx with B6
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Glycogen phosphorylase signalling
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Ca via PKA/NE/Ca
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Turner's syndrome
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lymphadema, streak gonads, CV, cystic hygaroma
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Glitazone function
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PPAR-g binding, adiponectin
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Amitriptyline
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TCA
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TCA side effect
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antimuscarinic, antihistimine, anti adrenergic
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caMP effects on heart and vessels
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more contractility, vessel dialation
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Measles tx supplement
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vit a
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split s1
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bundle branch block
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wide split s2
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ASD
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Thiamine
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pyruvate dehydrogenase, transketolase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
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riboflavin
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FAD
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biotin
|
carboxylases
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Pyridoxine
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transamination/decarboxylases
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hemophilia tx
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desmopressin to secrete VIII and VWF
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Amphotercin B side effects
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kidney tubules, hypokalemia and hypomangnesimia
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Klinfelter
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XXY, tall, breasts, no balls
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Fragile X
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Big balls, jaws, and ears
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Oligohydraminos
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Lung development
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Dobutamine
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B1 agonist
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Agatroban
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blocks thrombin directly
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Terberculoid leprosy
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Strong TH1 response
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Lead porphyrin effects
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blocks ALA dehydratase and ferrochelatase
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capsofungin target
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1,3 b-d-glucan
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Coronary steal
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Artery dialation with blockage
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First dose hypotension
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ACE inhibitor
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a1 secondary receptor
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IP3
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Sertraline
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SSRI
|
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sertraline side effect
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sexual dysfunction
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Trisomy 18
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small head, big oxiput, small ears, clenched hands, small jaw, rocker bottom feet
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Trisomy 13
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Patau's - PCKD, PDA, ASD, VSD, microcephaly, bilateral cleft lip, pyloric stenosis
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Partial seizure tx:
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carbamezapine
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Tonic clonic seizure tx:
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phenytoin, carbamezapine, valproate
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Myoclonic tx
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valproate
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absence tx
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ethosuximide/valproate
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Rb function
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bind to E2F, prevent transition to S phase
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Neutrophil myeloperoxidase Ab stain
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P-ANCA, Churg-Strauss, microscopic polyangitis
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Churg-Strauss
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systemic vasculitis w/ asthma, eosinophilia, oligoneuropathy, pulm infiltrates, and allergies
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Eleuprolide
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GnRH analog [can be used pulsatile or constantly]
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Fabry disease
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a-galactosidase A, ceramide trihexoside - risk of renal failaure and acroparasthesias
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Methotrexate
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mouth ulcers, hepatotox, pulmonary fibrosis, myelosuppression
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Surface ectoderm tissues
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anterior pituitary, special senses, skin
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Neural tube
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CNS, posterior pituitary, retina
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Neural crest
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PNS, pia/arachnoid, heart cushions, skull bones, melanocytes, adrenal medulla
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Mesoderm
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muscles, bone, blood, other non-GI
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Endoderm
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GI organs, lungs, parathyroid, thyroid follicles, bladder/urethra
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Diffuse esophageal spasm
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painful, trouble swallowing, angina-like chest pain
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t14:18
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Bcl-2, follicular lymphoma
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t9:22
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philadelphia, bcr-abl
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t8:14
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c-myc, Burkett's lymphoma
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Propionic acidemia
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can't convert propionyl CoA into methymalonyl CoA, ketosis and hypoglycemia. Fail to metabolize T,M,V,I
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Essential tremor tx
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B-blocker
|
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HSP
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leuckocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposition leading to purpura, abdominal pain, arthralgias, and renal involvement
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Tongue first 2/3
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Sense: V3, Taste: chorda tympani (vii)
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Tongue last 1/3
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glossopharyngeal
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Listeria tx
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ampicillin [infants or immunocompromised at risk for meningitis]
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jejunum absorption
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fatty acids, ADEK
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duodenum absorption
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iron
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ileum absorption
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B12, bile salts
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Maternal uncontrolled diabetes
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caudal regression syndrome
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Maternal hyper vit A
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head abnormalities, DiGeorge
|
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Improved mortality in HF
|
spironolactone
|
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Large polyprotein virus
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"+ strand single strand RNA virus
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Neonatal hypoxia risk
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retinal neovascularization
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Wet macular degeneration
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gray subretinal membranes, neovascularization
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Dry macular deg
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drusen dposits
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Wet AMD tx
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VEGF inhibitors [ranibizumab]
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Viruses with nuclear membrane
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Herpes
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PSGN electron microscopy
|
lumpy bumpy subepithelial IgG, C3
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Carnatine deficiency
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impairs fatty acid transport into mitochondria, fewer ketones
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IP3
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phospholipase C, PKC, Ca
|
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HER2
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transmembrane tyrosine kinase receptor
|
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Eczematous dermatitis
|
epidermal spongiosis, blistering, vesicles, possible type iv hypersensitivity?
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phenytoin side effect
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gingival hyperplasia
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Excessive MMP in wound formation
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contractures
|
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IL-10
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secreted by TH2 to inhibit TH1, "anti-inflammatory"
|
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Mousy/musty body odor
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PKU - associated with mental retardation and eczema
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hypocalcemia w/ blood transfusion
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citrate chelation
|
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chloramphenicol SE
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aplastic anemia
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adenosine antiarrhythmic mechanism
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inhbits Ca, opens K - slows spontaneous depolarization of nodes
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Trigeminal neuralgia tx
|
carbamezapine [baclofen, valproic acid]
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Metronidazole SE
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disulfram-like
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Mu-receptors
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opiod, control pain, euphoria
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Foramen ovale
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V3
|
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Foramen rotundum
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V2
|
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Phenelzine
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MAOI
|
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DiGeorge's
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issue with 3-4th pharyngeal pouches, thymic aplasia, leading to fewer T cells in lymph paracortex
|
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polymyositis
|
autoimmune destruction w/ increased CK and a-Jo 1 AB
|
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Eaton Lampert
|
autoimmune destruction against Ca channels [for Ach]
|
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Celecoxib
|
selective cox-2 inhibitor
|
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Aspirin tox
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Respiratory alkalosis followed by metabolic acidosis
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Aflatoxin
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p53 mut, HCC
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porphyrin accumulation
|
skin blistering, photosensitivity, uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase def
|
|
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Mitochondrial reactions [5]
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fatty acid oxidation, ketogenesis, TCA, parts of urea cycle, and pyruvate carboxylation
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|
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Scarlet fever
|
GAS. Gray-white throat exudate, sandpaper-like rash
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Metformin SE
|
Elevated lactate levels
|
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Metformin CI
|
renal failure
|
|
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Vitamin D activation
|
kidney tubules, hypokalemia and hypomangnesimia
|
|
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FTA-ABS
|
syphilis marker
|
|
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PAS macrophages
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Whipple disease - diarrhea, abdominal pain, weight loss, joint pain
|
|
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JAK/STAT signalling
|
cytokines, GH, prl, IL2
|
|
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thymic tumors
|
pure red cell aplasia via autoimmunity
|
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Pompei's
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type ii - glycogen buildup in lysosomes
|
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McArdle's
|
type v - no glycogen phosphorylase in muscle
|
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Von Glerke's
|
No glucose 6-phosphatase in liver
|
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Lacunar infarcts
|
hypertensive arteriolar sclerosis of the small penetrating arterioles
|
|
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C diff toxin A
|
attractin neutrophils
|
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C diff toxin B
|
cause mucosal damage via actin cytoskeleton
|
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colchicine
|
affects tubulin in microtubules
|
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colchicine SE
|
gut
|
|
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Silver stains with slow growth on charcoal-yeast with systeine
|
Leigonella
|
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NO synthesis
|
arginine
|
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t15:17
|
APML: retinoic acid receptor,
|
|
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CD19
|
B cell
|
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CD15
|
neutrophil
|
|
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CD16
|
NK cell
|
|
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Hydralazine mech
|
Dialates arterioles
|
|
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Hydralazine SE
|
sodium and fluid retention due to baroreceptor, renin
|
|
|
IFN-G
|
Produced by TH1 cells, upregulates macrophages
|
|
|
Immunoglobulin deficiency
|
X-linked agammaglobulinemia
|
|
|
Transtentorial herniation
|
Uncal herniation, occularmotor paralysis, PCA compression [hemianopsia]
|
|
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PCA compression
|
hemianopsia
|
|
|
Acute intermittent porhyria
|
HMB synthase deficiency - abdominal pain, neuro changes, urine color change on standing
|
|
|
Acute intermittent porphyria tx
|
IV dextrose [inhibits ALA synthase]
|
|
|
Lactase positive on McKonkee
|
pink
|
|
|
Parvovirus B19
|
"slapped cheeks", low grade fever
|
|
|
Torsade de pointes antiarrythmic
|
Class III [AS]
|
|
|
Etoposide mech
|
topoisomerase II inhibition, ds breaks
|
|
|
Takayasu arteritis
|
very similar to GCA, affects aortic arch
|
|
|
Thromboangitis obliteras
|
Smoking association, thrombosing vasculitis of medium arteris, especially of the hand
|
|
|
Oseltamavir mech
|
Neuraminidase inhibitor, prevents particle release
|
|
|
Iron metabolism control
|
Hepatocytes - hepcidin
|
|
|
Optic neuritis
|
visual disturbances w/ painful eye movement
|
|
|
Polycythemia + heat
|
itching
|
|
|
Recovery phase of ATN
|
electrolyte LOSS
|
|
|
Kussmall's sign
|
paradoxical rise in JVP w/ inspiration, indicative of constrictive paradarditis
|
|
|
Gestational supine hypotension
|
IVC compressed by uterus
|
|
|
Ribavirin mech
|
hypermutation via nucleotide analoge
|
|
|
Raltegravir
|
HIV integrase inhibitor
|
|
|
Indinavir
|
HIV protease inhibitor
|
|
|
Amantadine
|
Influenza uncoating
|
|
|
Enfuvirtide
|
HIV entry/fusion inhibitor
|
|
|
Lentigo's
|
tan/brown macules due to sun exposure
|
|
|
Purpurae vs petichiae
|
purpura: between 5-10 mm
|
|
|
Fragile X mech
|
excess methylation due to CGG repeats
|
|
|
Mononucleosis activated lymph
|
CD8
|
|
|
Ureter relation
|
Lateral to the internal iliac, medial to the gonadal vessels
|
|
|
true vocal cord lining
|
stratified squamous
|
|
|
High free fatty acids/triglycerides
|
insulin resistance
|
|
|
Beta hydroxybutyrates
|
marker of insulin deficiency
|
|
|
immunocompromised esophagitis
|
CMV, HIV, candida
|
|
|
Phase 0 of the SA node action potential
|
Ca
|
|
|
Timolol
|
Decreased production of aqueous humor by ciliary body
|
|
|
Prostaglandin F2a [latanoprost, unoprostone, travoprost]
|
increases outflow of aqueous humor
|
|
|
Cholinomimetics [pilocarpine, carbachol]
|
increases outflow of aqueous humor
|
|
|
Bacteroides tx
|
piperacillin, tazobactam
|
|
|
Piperacillin/tazobactam
|
Gram - rods, pseudomonas
|
|
|
Shizoaffective disorder
|
schizophrenia + mood disorder [2 wks psychosis w/o mood]
|
|
|
S-100
|
marker of neural crest cells - schwann and melanocytes
|
|
|
biphasic pattern of cells
|
Antoni pattern of schwannomas - palisading
|
|
|
Ezetimibe
|
inihibits cholesterol uptake from brush border?
|
|
|
Gemfibrozil tox:
|
myopathy, especially with statins
|
|
|
Second generation antihistimines
|
minimal sedative and antimuscarinic effects [no BBB crossing]
|
|
|
First generation antihistamines
|
hydroxyzine, promethazine, chlorpheniarmine, diphenhydramine
|
|
|
Glomus tumor
|
small cancer under nail - from Glomus bodies, which shunt blood away or to skin [thermoregulation]
|
|
|
Waxing and waning lymphadenopathy
|
Follicular lymphoma, t14:18, bcl2
|
|
|
Recurrent hemorrhagic stroke
|
cerebral amyloid angiopathy
|
|
|
Zileuton
|
Leukotriene inhibitor
|
|
|
Cystinuria
|
same transporter in gut and kidney, deficiency causes increased stones
|
|
|
Psoas muscle origin
|
Vertebral transverse processes
|
|
|
Nitrate side effects
|
headaches and cutaneous flushing
|
|
|
MCC of aortic dissection
|
HTN
|
|
|
Varicose veins skin finding
|
statis dermatitis
|
|
|
6-MP metabolism
|
Xanthine oxidase
|
|
|
6-MP activation
|
HGPRT
|
|
|
Lead poisoning d-ALA cofactor elevation
|
Pyridoxal phosphate
|
|
|
HUS anemia mechanism
|
microangiopathic hemolysis
|
|
|
Polyribosyl-ribitol-phosphate
|
H. flu capsule
|
|
|
"Rose spots", HSM, bloody diarrhea
|
Typhoid fever
|
|
|
B1 deficiency
|
Beriberi/Wernicke Korsakoff, peripheral neuropathy, HO cardiac failure
|
|
|
B6 deficiency
|
cheilosis, glossitis, dermatitis, peripheral neuropathy
|
|
|
Niacin deficiency
|
pellagra: dememtia, dermatitis, diarrhea
|
|
|
Septic shock cytokine
|
TNFa
|
|
|
Ethambutol SE
|
visual acuity
|
|
|
Fever, rash, oliguria after B-lactam use
|
Drug induced acute interstitial nephritis
|
|
|
Chronic lymphedema
|
Angiosarcoma
|
|
|
Atypical PKU
|
Combined Biotin deficiency - inability to produce dopamine
|
|
|
Craniopharyngioma derivatives
|
Rathke's pouch, pituitary gland precursor
|
|
|
RA mimic
|
Parvovirus, arthritis resolves spontaneously
|
|
|
Leukotriene B4
|
Attracts neutrophils
|
|
|
Puberty _ anosmia
|
Kallmann syndrome - failure of GnRH neurons to migrate
|
|
|
Kallman syndrome
|
failure of GnRH neurons to migrate
|
|
|
Focal neurological signs and a carotid bruit
|
Possibility of vascular dementia
|
|
|
Acute onset of MS changes
|
delirium
|
|
|
Reye's syndrome hepatic damage
|
Microvesicular hepatitis
|
|
|
Vitamin K mechanism
|
Glutamate carboxylation
|
|
|
MCC kidney stones
|
Idiopathic hypercalciuria [normocalcemia]
|
|
|
SRY
|
testes determining factor [no ovaries]
|
|
|
Mullerian inhibiting factor production
|
sertoli cells
|
|
|
17a-hydroxylase def
|
accumulation of progesterone/aldosterone shunting [impaired androgen synthesis + HTN]
|
|
|
21a-hydroxylase def
|
accumulation of 17-progesterone/shunting to androgens [hypotension + virulization]
|
|
|
11a hydroxylase def
|
accumulation of deoxycorticosterone/androgen shunting [HTN + virulization]
|
|
|
PE driving factor
|
hypoxia leading to hyperventillation leading to respiratory alkalosis
|
|
|
IHC: chromogranin
|
neuroendocrine markers [small cells]
|
|
|
Middle meningial artery source
|
Maxillary artery [external carotid]
|
|
|
CF vitamin deficiency
|
ADEK
|
|
|
Vit A deficiency
|
squamous metaplasia - maintaining cell differentiation
|
|
|
H Pylori location in the stomach
|
Antrum
|
|
|
T cell positive selection location
|
Thymic cortex
|
|
|
T cell negative selection loc
|
Thymic medulla
|
|
|
Pancreatitis damage source
|
trypsin
|
|
|
Superior saphenous ven harvesting
|
Inferolateral to the pubic tubercle
|
|
|
doxorubicin cardio tox
|
dialated cardiomyopathy
|
|
|
Extramedulllary hematopoiesis
|
Severe chronic hemolytic anemias
|
|
|
Thalassemia mechanism
|
Mutations cause defective mRNA processing
|
|
|
T-Cell vs B-Cell ALL
|
T cell has mediastinal masses
|
|
|
Derivative of the common cardinal veins
|
SVC
|
|
|
Super painful otitis externa
|
Pseudomonas
|
|
|
Hypopigmented skin patches
|
Tinea versicolor, caused by malassezia furfur
|
|
|
HCTZ effect on CA
|
Hypercalcemia [can prevent stones]
|
|
|
Diverticulum formation
|
pulsion [straining]
|
|
|
Hydralazine + renal perfusion drug
|
Fenoldopam
|
|
|
Flurazepam
|
Long acting benzo
|
|
|
PSGN prognosis
|
age
|
|
|
Floppy neonate with mild jaundice, enlarged tongue, umbilical hernia
|
hypothyroid
|
|
|
PAO2 formula
|
150 - (PaCO2/0.8)
|
|
|
Hirshprung's
|
Rectum involvement, then sigmoid!
|
|
|
Portal hypertension without biopsy congestion
|
portal vein thrombosis
|
|
|
Portal hypertension tx
|
Bosentan - endothelin blocker
|
|
|
Concentric calcification in tumors
|
Psammoma bodies
|
|
|
Lipoic acid
|
Similar to thiamine, needed in pyruvate dehydrogenase, a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
|
|
|
Loudest hypertrophic CM murmur
|
low preload - sudden standing
|
|
|
Cyroptococcus
|
India ink, budding yeast
|
|
|
Rubber/dyes exposure
|
Bladder cancer
|
|
|
NRTI mech
|
No 3'-OH
|
|
|
Akathisia
|
Restlessness due to antipsychotics
|
|
|
Primidone
|
Metabolized to pheobarbital
|
|
|
Lesch-Nyhan
|
Self mutilation, HGPRT deficiency leads to increased synthesis via phosphoribosyl pyrofphosphate amidotransferase
|
|
|
APL vs AML
|
APL has a greater risk of hemorrhage
|
|
|
S. epidermidis endocarditis tx
|
vanco
|
|
|
Ataxia-telangectasia gene
|
ATM
|
|
|
Vitamin E deficiency
|
Dorsal column, Spinothalamic tract [fatty acid oxidation]
|
|
|
Cholestyramine TG effect
|
Inc Tg
|
|
|
Propranolol effect on kidneys
|
Decreased Renin
|
|
|
Burnt sugar diapers
|
Maple Syrup urine disease - metabolism of branched chain amino acids fees into TCA via a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase
|
|
|
Constricting Efferent arteriole [GFR/FF]
|
Both increase
|
|
|
Myoclonus
|
jerk
|
|
|
Dystonia
|
sustained contraction/spasm
|
|
|
Selective B1 blockers
|
Atenolol. Esmolol, metoprolol, nebivolol
|
|
|
Follicular lymphoma
|
t14:18, bcl-2
|
|
|
Serum heterophile tests
|
Sheep RBC agglutination - EBV
|
|
|
Sudden death after heart attack
|
V Fib
|
|
|
Dialysis metabolism
|
Reduced Vit D activation, phosphate retention
|
|
|
Colon cancer mutations
|
APC, KRAS, p53
|
|
|
Statistical power
|
1-beta
|
|
|
HIV binding receptors
|
CD4
|
|
|
B1 receptors
|
Heart and JGA
|
|
|
B2 receptors
|
vascular smooth muscle
|
|
|
Dopa metabolism vitamin
|
B6
|
|
|
UV DNA damage
|
T-T dimers
|
|
|
Source of nitrogen for urea
|
Aspartate and Arginine
|
|
|
Arsenic/PVC exposure
|
Liver angiosarcoma, CD31
|
|
|
Prolactin adenoma
|
suppresses GnRH
|
|
|
White red spots - Koplik
|
Measles
|
|
|
Proteinuria + IgG to phospholipase A2
|
Membranous glomerulonephropathy
|
|
|
Homonymous hemianopia with loss of pupillary reflex
|
Optic tract: before the lateral geniculate nucleus
|
|
|
Cyanide tox tx [especially w/ nitroprusside]
|
sodium thiosulfate
|
|
|
c-ANCA/Wegner's
|
RPGN
|
|
|
Chlorapromazine
|
anti-psychotic, can cause corneal deposits
|
|
|
Thioridazine
|
can look like retinitis pigmentosa
|
|
|
Atypical depression
|
Hyperphagia, hypersomnia, weight gain - tx with MAOI's [phenelzine/tranylcypromine]
|
|
|
Paralysis of upward gaze
|
Pineal tumors, right above the midbrain. Possible BHCG production
|
|
|
Phentolamine
|
alpha blocker
|
|
|
Listeria spread
|
food
|
|
|
Headache with nose congestion, tears
|
Cluster
|
|
|
Anaphalaxis marker
|
Tryptase - mast cell degranulation marker
|
|
|
Procollagen
|
Secreted, needs to have N/C terminals cleaved, lysyl crosslinking
|
|
|
Metyrapone
|
Inhibits 11-hydroxylase. [stimulation test, should see a ACTH spike]
|
|
|
Amiloride
|
ACEi
|
|
|
Germ tubes on microscopy
|
Candida
|
|
|
Electron dense deposits in the mesangium
|
IgA nephropathy [Berger's]
|
|
|
QT prolongation
|
K channels affected - possibly Romano Ward syndrome
|
|
|
FAS gene
|
apoptosis, important in T cell clonal deletion
|
|
|
Dorsal column involvement w/ vit def
|
B12
|
|
|
Phenoxybenzamine
|
alpha blocker
|
|
|
alpha adrenergic effect on pancreas
|
decrease insulin release
|
|
|
Earliest microscopic change on MI
|
4 hours
|
|
|
Anal fissure location
|
posterior midline
|
|
|
DiGeorge's chromosome
|
deletion on 22
|
|
|
Isoproterenol
|
B2 [low dose] and b1 agonist
|
|
|
N-acetylcystine mech in CF
|
reducing disulfide bridges in mucus
|
|
|
gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase
|
marker of biliary tree disease [vs bone or hepatocyte]
|
|
|
RNA polymerase I
|
rRNA
|
|
|
Amyl nitrate
|
antidote for cyanide poisoning, methemoglobin binds on CN instead of mitochondria
|
|
|
IgA cleavage organism
|
Strep pneumo
|
|
|
Diastolic heart dysfunction
|
low compliance heart, can't fill during diastole, higher diastolic pressures
|
|
|
Influenza immunity
|
hemagglutinin antibodies
|
|
|
Clozapine SE
|
Agranulocytosis -> get CBC
|
|
|
Ziprasidone SE
|
Prolonged QT
|
|
|
Lithium + amiodarone SE
|
hypothyroid
|
|
|
NNRTI drugs
|
Nevirapine, efavirenz, delavirdine
|
|
|
Enfuvirtide
|
HIV fusion inhibitor
|
|
|
Strawberry hemangioma prognosis
|
Grow, then regress by age 7
|
|
|
Phosphatidylcholine in bile
|
Lower stone risk
|
|
|
Metanephric ducts
|
form nephrons
|
|
|
Ureteric bud
|
form everything but nephrons
|
|
|
Systemic inflammation cytokines
|
TNFa, IL1, IL6
|
|
|
Sickle cell organism vulnerabiltity
|
Functional asplenia, Pneumococcus or H flu
|
|
|
Bicuspid aortic duct
|
Aortic stenosis at age 60
|
|
|
Chalky white fat necrosis
|
Pancreatic fat digestion
|
|
|
Sporothrix schenckii
|
Rose thron prick
|
|
|
Oral ulcers, medullary thyroid cancer
|
MEN 2B
|
|
|
Increasing HDL
|
Niacin better than Diet/exercise
|
|
|
Superficial sulcus tumor
|
Pancost, affects brachial plexus
|
|
|
Mediastinal mass
|
Can cause SVC syndrome
|
|
|
Appetite suppressent SE
|
Pulmonary hypertension
|
|
|
C perfringens toxin
|
Lecithinase, affecting phospholipids
|
|
|
Pitting nails, trouble swallowing, anemia
|
Iron deficiency
|
|
|
Sorbitol metabolism
|
In other tissue rather than the lens, fructose formed via sorbitol dehydrogenase
|
|
|
LMW heparin
|
Binds to factor Xa better than thrombin [compared against unfractionated]
|
|
|
Neutrophils and steroids
|
Increases PMN count, because they fall off walls.
|
|
|
Hyperkalemia, NV, confusion, anorexia
|
Digoxin toxicity
|
|
|
Cyproheptadine
|
antihistamine w/ antiserotonergic properties
|
|
|
Neonatal hypopigmentation of basal ganglia + mental retardation
|
Think PKU - phenylalanine hydroxylase
|
|
|
Acute acalculous cholecystitis
|
acute GB inflammation after major damage - sepsis, trauma, surgery, infections, burns, etc
|
|
|
Alzheimer's most affected regions
|
Temporal lobes, hipocammpus
|
|
|
Mu receptor ion activity
|
Increases potassium outflow
|
|
|
Sx of acute hepatitis
|
Dark urine, fatigue, fever
|
|
|
Joint pain + hematuria
|
HSP
|
|
|
Urticaria
|
hives - dermal edema
|
|
|
Complement binding portion of IgG
|
Part in front of Fc
|
|
|
ACE expression
|
vascular endothelium
|
|
|
Cladribine
|
purine analog resistant to adenosine deaminase, used to treat hairy cell leukemia
|
|
|
Pro-carcinogen metabolism
|
P450 [microsomal monooxygenase]
|
|
|
PTH bone reabsorption
|
subperiosteal
|
|
|
Polyarteritis nodosa association
|
Hep B
|
|
|
G+ bacteria staining for aniline
|
Diptheria
|
|
|
Reid index of lung
|
mucous layer/wall thickness [chronic bronchitis]
|
|
|
Myc proteins
|
transcription factors [bind to DNA]
|
|
|
Half life formula
|
t 1/2 = (Vd * 0.7) /Cl
|
|
|
Riboflavin measurement
|
Erythrocyte glutathione reductase assy or urinary riboflavin excretion
|
|
|
Riboflavin enzymes
|
succinate dehydrogenase
|
|
|
Ebstein's anomoly
|
Lithium side effect, atrialization of the right ventricle
|
|
|
Viral reassortment
|
Segmented viruses exchanging genetic material
|
|
|
Viral recombination
|
nonsegmented viruses exchanging genetic material
|
|
|
Activate TH1 cells
|
IFN-g, IL-12
|
|
|
Citalopram
|
SSRI - sexual dysfunction
|
|
|
Fluphenazine
|
traditional antipsychotic - extrapyramidal
|
|
|
Mycoplasm anemia
|
cold-agglutinin autoimmune hemolysis
|
|
|
Carcinoid heart disease
|
Fibrinous deposits and endocardial thickening
|
|
|
Cysteine-tellurate agar
|
Corneybacteria diptheria
|
|
|
Integrin ECM binding
|
Fibronectin
|
|
|
Ankylosing spondylitis complication
|
Respiratory involvement - joint pain, fibrosis
|
|
|
Brassy cough, stridor
|
Parainfluenza
|
|
|
Xenodermata pigmentosum
|
base excision repair, especially with endonucleases [not exo!]
|
|
|
Vitamin C action
|
Collagen AA hydroxulation in rough ER
|
|
|
Glycogen stores
|
12-18 hours
|
|
|
Methylmalonyl CoA to Succinyl coA
|
isomerization
|
|
|
Acyclovir toxicity
|
nephrotox, need aggressive hydration
|
|
|
Gout crystals [specifically]
|
monosodium urate, not uric acid!!!!!!!!!
|
|
|
Bupropion SE
|
seizures
|
|
|
Drugs w/ SE of seizure
|
INH, buproprion, imipenem
|
|
|
TCA side effects
|
anticholinergic [urinary retention], cardiac arrythmia [QT], orthostatic hypertension, sedation
|
|
|
Normal pressure hydrocephalus
|
only cortical damage
|
|
|
C1 esterase deficiency
|
Careful w/ ACEi - bradykinin accumulation leading to angioedema
|
|
|
Cherry red epiglotitis
|
H flu
|
|
|
intranasal ulcer + oligouria
|
Waegners granulomatosis
|
|
|
HIV protease inhibitor SE
|
Cushingoid
|
|
|
Ethosuximide mechanism
|
Decreased calcium current in thalamus
|
|
|
Anti-carcinoid
|
Octreotide [sdomatostatin analogue]
|
|
|
COX2 expression
|
only in inflammatory cells
|
|
|
nitroblue tetrazolium neutrophil stain
|
nadph oxidase check
|
|
|
Insulin responsive cells
|
fat and muscle
|
|
|
CF nasal transepithelial potential difference
|
More negative, b/c less chloride secretion and more Na uptake
|
|
|
Increased acid secretion due to H Pylori
|
Duodenal ulcers
|
|
|
Bronze diabetics
|
Hemochromatosis
|
|
|
Glanzman's thrmbasthenia
|
Gp ii/iiia def
|
|
|
Loop diuretic specific point of action
|
Thick ascending loop
|
|
|
Hep B vs Hep C HCC
|
Hep B has DNA integration
|
|
|
Lingual thyroid
|
Failure in migration
|
|
|
Duodenal ulcers
|
Rarely malignant
|
|
|
Retinoblastoma cancer risk
|
osteosarcoma
|
|
|
Asbestos cancer risk
|
Higher risk of bronchogenic carcinoma than mesothelioma
|
|
|
TB exposure
|
Replication in macrophages until activation
|
|
|
16S rRNA
|
binds to a sequence upstream of start?
|
|
|
23s rRNA
|
forms peptide bond
|
|
|
Mitochondrial disease
|
Exclusively maternal, affected by heteroplasmy
|
|
|
Permanent central DI
|
hypothalamus damage, not posterior pit
|
|
|
Vitamin A overdose
|
dry skin, HSM, vision problems, headache, vomiting
|
|
|
flu progressing to pneumonia
|
staph aureus
|
|
|
Statin SE
|
myopathy + hepatotox
|
|
|
Medullary kidney cysts
|
Medullary sponge kidney, risk of stones.
|
|
|
thiopental redistribution
|
from brain to skeletal muscle
|
|
|
Left ventricular pacemaker leads
|
run through the atrioventricular/coronary sinus
|
|
|
ATN affected areas
|
PCT and loop
|
|
|
Gastric erosions
|
Not past the mucosa, not into the muscularis mucosa
|
|
|
Crohn's CD4
|
TH1
|
|
|
UC CD4
|
TH2
|
|
|
Daptomycin SE
|
myopathy and CPK
|
|
|
Linezolid SE
|
thrombocytopenia, optic neuritis, serotonin syndrome
|
|
|
Daptomycin mech
|
punching holes in membranes
|
|
|
phosphatidylcholine
|
surfactant
|
|
|
MCC iron def in US
|
blood loss
|
|
|
Interparanchymal hemorrhage
|
Charcot Bouchard pseudoaneurysms
|
|
|
Organophosphates
|
inhibit cholinesterase in muscarinic and nicotinic receptors
|
|
|
Fastest sugar metabolism
|
Fructose: bypasses 1-6 bisphosphate regulation
|
|
|
E2F inhibition
|
Diptheria and psudomonas toxin
|
|
|
BRAF malignancy (V600E)
|
melanoma
|
|
|
Nonrhythmic conjugate eye movements in children + myoclonus and abdominal mass
|
Neuroblastoma [adrenals]
|
|
|
Osteomyelitis
|
primarily affects long bone metaphysis because of vascularity
|
|
|
Alkaptouria
|
Black urine due to homogentisic acid buildup - causes pigment deposits throughout and joint restriction
|
|
|
NF-KB
|
stimulates cytokine produciton [Crohns]
|
|
|
Chronic lung rejection
|
Affects small airways - bronchiolitis obliterans
|
|
|
MCC meningitis
|
S. pneumo
|
|
|
Ecoli that doesn't fermewnt sorbitol or produce glucuronidase
|
O157:H7, EHEC produces shigatoxin - inactivates ribosomal subunits
|
|
|
Theophylline OD
|
Think Caffeine OD: abdominal pain, vomiting, seizures
|
|
|
Wiskott-Aldrich
|
eczema, thrombocytopenia, freq infections
|
|
|
Elastin crosslinking
|
lysine bridges [unhydroxylated]
|
|
|
PAS inclusions in liver [not macrophages]
|
a1 antitrypsin def
|
|
|
Niacin mech
|
decrease synthesis of triglycerides and VLDL
|
|
|
antidepressants +bipolar
|
mania
|
|
|
Aspergillus branching
|
acute angles, Y
|
|
|
Generalized lymphadenopathy w/ epilepsy drug
|
phenytoin
|
|
|
Carbamezapine SE
|
agranulocytosis
|
|
|
Carbamezapine uses
|
trigeminal neuralgia, partial seizures, diabetic neuropathy, bipolar, tonic clonic
|
|
|
Valproate SE
|
hepatotox, teratogen
|
|
|
Phenytoin uses
|
tonic clonic, status epilepticus,
|
|
|
phenytoin side effects
|
cosmetics, generalized lymphadenopathy,
|
|
|
Hypoglycemic symptoms
|
From adrenergic effects - nonspecific beta blocker prevents
|
|
|
Sickle cell vitamin def
|
FA, B12
|
|
|
Dematitis herpetiformis
|
Extensor surface vesicles associated with Celiac
|
|
|
Multiple Auer rods
|
APML
|
|
|
Bactrim hypersensitivity
|
Serum sickness, Type III
|
|
|
Short acting benzo
|
Triazalam
|
|
|
Long acting benzo
|
Diazepam, Flurazepam, chordiazepoxide
|
|
|
Best way to improve mitral regurg
|
decrease afterload
|
|
|
Short term RA therapy
|
corticosteroids
|
|
|
MMR vaccine type
|
live attenuated
|
|
|
Killed vaccines
|
Hep A, rabies
|
|
|
Post gonococcal infection of rash, knee pain, conjunctivits
|
Reiter's syndrome, for reactive arthritis - Association with HLA-B27 and alkylosing spondilitis
|
|
|
Enoxaparin
|
LMW heparin
|
|
|
Nipple inversion
|
infiltration of the suspensory ligament
|
|
|
Niacin flushing SE mech
|
prostaglandins
|
|
|
Super high proliferation fraction
|
think Burkett's lymphoma, caused by EBV?
|
|
|
Anti-centromeric AB
|
CREST syndrome
|
|
|
Anti-DNA topoisomeraseI [Scl-70]
|
Diffuse scleroderma
|
|
|
EBV binding receptor
|
CD21
|
|
|
Mitochondrial vacuolization
|
irreversible cell injury
|
|
|
Cortisol effects on epinephrine
|
Cortisol activates PNMT (converting norepi to epi)
|
|
|
Vagina fish odor on KOH
|
Gardnerella vaginalis [bacteria - also clue cells]
|
|
|
PSGN HS type
|
III - immune complex
|
|
|
Edema-factor like toxins
|
Anthrax, and Pertussis
|
|
|
Pneumonia + diarrhea
|
Leigonella
|
|
|
Li Fraumeni syndrome [p53]
|
family history of multiple cancers at < 45 yo
|
|
|
Class III antiarrythmics
|
Dofetilide, ibtilide, amiodarone, sotalol
|
|
|
Mannitol SE
|
pulmonary edema
|
|
|
Phage conversion
|
Diptheria toxin
|
|
|
Transformation
|
S. pneumo capsule
|
|
|
Conjugation
|
E coli antibiotic resistance
|
|
|
Amennorhea from antipsychotic
|
think pregnancy or dopamine antagonism
|
|
|
Mucin secreting cells in alveoli w/ tan colored fluid
|
bronchioalveolar carcinoma
|
|
|
Liver with ground glass appearance - finely granular eosinophilic
|
Hep B
|
|
|
Lymphoid aggregates in liver, w/ macrovesicular steatosis
|
Hep C
|
|
|
Diuretic ototoxicity
|
loop diuretics
|
|
|
Major basic protein
|
Released by eosinophils against helminths
|
|
|
Meconium ileus
|
CF
|
|
|
Niacin synthesis
|
tryptophan
|
|
|
gp120
|
attaches to target cells
|
|
|
gp41
|
allows for penetration
|
|
|
Lowest PVR
|
At FRC
|
|
|
Muscarinic activity on blood vessels
|
Receptors on endothelial surface, binding causes NO/EDRF release
|
|
|
Oropharyngeal candidiasis tx
|
nystatin [not ampho b]
|
|
|
Highly lipophilic drug clearance
|
liver
|
|
|
Polyarteritis nodosa artery sparing
|
Pulmonary
|
|
|
Low serum sodium + pneumonia
|
leigonella
|
|
|
Serotonin syndrome antibiotic
|
linezolid
|
|
|
Progressive ataxia, with dorsal collumn involvement [deficiency]
|
Vitamin E def
|
|
|
Apo E lipoprotein
|
Liver reuptake
|
|
|
Turner's valve defect
|
bicuspid aorta
|
|
|
Continuous infusion steady state
|
4-5 half lives
|
|
|
Nitrites effect on Hgb
|
methemoglobin
|
|
|
Antibiotic modification resistance
|
Aminoglycosides
|
|
|
Liver acetylation speed
|
Risk of drug-induced lupus [more in slow]
|
|
|
CFTR channel gating
|
ATP
|
|
|
Lateral bowing of the legs
|
Vit D deficiency
|
|
|
Uremia effect on coagulation
|
isolated platelet dysfunction
|
|
|
Breast milk vitamin deficiency
|
Vit K and D
|
|
|
Tx for claudication and platelet aggregation
|
Cilostazol (Phosphodiesterase III inhibitor)
|
|
|
brain tumor with hair-like gial processes and microcysts
|
Pilocytic astrocytoma
|
|
|
UTI w/ dysuria and hematuria
|
hemorrhagic cystitis, caused by adenovirus
|
|
|
Histone methylation
|
suppress gene transcriptoin
|
|
|
E-selectins and Sialyl Lewis
|
rolling
|
|
|
ICAM and integrins
|
adhesion
|
|
|
PECAM and integrins
|
diapedesis
|
|
|
Lecithin-sphingomyelin ratio
|
marker of fetal lung development
|
|
|
Modified smooth muscle cells of the afferent arteriole
|
JGA
|
|
|
Digoxin clearance
|
Renal
|
|
|
Disproportionately short limbs and stature
|
Achondroplasia
|
|
|
Gohn complex
|
nodule with ipsilateral adenopathy
|
|
|
Mood stabilizers
|
lithium, valproate, carbamezapine
|
|
|
DM, necrolytic erythemia, anemia
|
gulcagonoma
|
|
|
Lipoprotein lipase deficiency
|
high TG, skin xanthomas, pancreatitis
|
|
|
Atherosclerosis growth factor
|
Platelet derived
|
|
|
Heart cushion origin
|
Neural crest
|
|
|
Human placental lactogen
|
Like prl and GH, cause insulin resistance
|
|
|
Blotchy red muscle on Gomori trichome
|
Mitochondrial myopathy
|
|
|
How does digoxin reduce HR
|
Baroreceptor parasympathetic outflow
|
|
|
HUS coagulation
|
like TTP, only platelets consumed
|
|
|
Jervell and lange-Nielsen syndrome
|
Long QT + sensorineural deafness
|
|
|
Myxomatous change in artery wall
|
Fragmentation of the elastic tissue like in Marfan's
|
|
|
Chronic rejection
|
Obliterative vascular fibrosis
|
|
|
Angiogenesis
|
VEFG and FGF
|
|
|
Cromolyn
|
Prevents mast cell degranulation
|
|
|
G6PD inheritance
|
X-linked recessive
|
|
|
Verapamil SE
|
constipation, gingival hyperplasia
|
|
|
Mushroom toxins
|
Amatoxins inhibit mRNA synthesis
|
|
|
Green color of pus
|
Myeloperoxidase
|
|
|
Urinary stone prevention
|
citrate [Ca stabilizing]
|
|
|
Very long fatty acids
|
Peroxisomes
|
|
|
Ischemic CNIII
|
Diabetes, either somatic or parasympathetic, not both
|
|
|
P bodies
|
cytoplasmic mRNA regulatrion
|
|
|
Hyperlipidemia tx and gout
|
niacin
|
|
|
Dorsal column and lateral corticospinal tracts
|
B12 deficiency
|
|
|
Anemia deficiency requiring parenteral
|
B12 deficiency
|
|
|
Radiolucent stones
|
uric acid
|
|
|
Staghorn calculi microbe
|
Proteus infection
|
|
|
Stuck on skin appearance
|
seborrheic keratosis
|
|
|
ARDS
|
Endothelial cell damage
|
|
|
Endometreitis organism
|
bacteroides
|
|
|
Grouped vesicular rash
|
VZV
|
|
|
Acute stress disorder
|
< 4 wks
|
|
|
HIV temporal encephalopathy: increased signal
|
HSV
|
|
|
Porphirobilinogen accumulation
|
Acute intermittent porphyria
|
|
|
Uroporphyrinogen III accumulation
|
Porphyria cutanea tarda
|
|
|
Amiodarone tox
|
Interstitial pneumonitis
|
|
|
Bronchoconstriction signalling
|
leukotrienes
|
|
|
Impetigo organisms
|
S. aureus, GAS
|
|
|
Drug efflux pump energy source
|
proton gradient
|
|
|
High levels of testosterone in testes
|
Androgen binding protein produced by sertoli cells
|
|
|
Glucagon receptor
|
like B2, Gs protein and cAMP
|
|
|
Gubernaculum in females
|
Round ligament
|
|
|
platelet aggregation factor
|
phospholipid acting via IP3 to cause a1 like effects
|
|
|
Pyruvate Kinase
|
G6PD pathway
|
|
|
Acyl CoA dehydrogenase deficiency
|
Inability to make ketone bodies when starving
|
|
|
Immediate tx of hepatic encephalopathy
|
Acidify the intestines - excreting NH3
|
|
|
Invariant chan in HLA II
|
Placeholder for antigen, gets digested
|
|
|
DiGeorge heart
|
Truncus arteriosus malformation
|
|
|
Huge swollen macrophages w/ lysosomal storage defect
|
Gaucher's 0 glucocerebrosidase
|
|
|
Congestive hypersplenia appearance
|
Red pulp expansion
|
|
|
Shistosomiasis manifestatiosn
|
Urinary, intestinal, and hepatic
|
|
|
Shistosomiasis transmission
|
snails
|
|
|
Allergic asthma control
|
leukotrienes
|
|
|
Porcelain gallbladder
|
Risk of GB carcinoma
|
|
|
HbS mechanism
|
Allows hemoglobin stacking when deoxygenated
|
|
|
HMP shunt
|
Transketolase to from ribose
|
|
|
Calcineurin
|
Involved in TCR signalling to induce IL-2 expression
|
|
|
Amonia toxicity metabolism depletion
|
a-ketoglutarate and glutamate
|
|
|
Modafinil
|
Narcolepsy tx
|
|
|
Genetic reassortment requirement
|
segmentation of genome
|
|
|
Wilson's tx
|
penicillamine
|
|
|
GTP synthesis from TCA
|
succinyl CoA -> succinate
|
|
|
Most common location of colon cancer
|
Rectosigmoid
|
|
|
Selective IgA deficiency
|
Hypersensitivity against IgA
|
|
|
Parietal cell location
|
superficial glands of stomach
|
|
|
NADPH
|
fat, cholesterol, steroid synthesis
|
|
|
Opiod precursor
|
POMC, like ACTH
|
|
|
Halothane SE
|
Massive hepatitis, 4 days post
|
|
|
Arsenic antidote
|
Dimercaprol
|
|
|
Trousseau's syndrome
|
migratory thrombophlebitis, causing sterile deposits on endothelial surfaces [heart valves?]
|
|
|
Femoral neck fracture risk
|
medial circumflex
|
|
|
Varenicline
|
Partial agonist of nicotinic receptors [smoking cessation]
|
|
|
Sickle cell trait
|
Papillary necrosis
|
|
|
Down's cancer
|
ALL
|
|
|
LV supply
|
Diaphragmatic surface supplied by posterior descending - RCA
|
|
|
Ticlopidine
|
like clopidogril [ADP] but risk of neutropenia
|
|
|
Scoliosis w/ tall, long extremities
|
Think marfan's
|
|
|
Inhaled steroids SE
|
Rinse mouth to prevent candidiasis
|
|
|
Meniere's disease
|
Increased endolymph causing tinnitus, vertigo, hearing loss
|
|
|
Alendronate
|
Bisphosphonates - like pyrophosphate
|
|
|
Sodium cyanide test for urine stones
|
Cystiuria
|
|
|
Penicillin analogue
|
D-ala D-ala
|
|
|
Early galactose intolerance
|
UDP-galactose transferase
|
|
|
positive Tzanck stain
|
Nuclear inclusions in keratinocytes and MNGC
|
|
|
Colon effects of Cox 2 overexpression
|
Adenomas
|
|
|
RNA virus replicating in nucleus
|
Influenza [orthomyxy]
|
|
|
substrates for heme synthesis
|
glycine and succinyl-CoA
|
|
|
HIV colitis
|
CMV
|
