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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does a nucleus of an atom contain?
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Protons and neutrons
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What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron, proton and electron?
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Neutron: Mass = 1, Charge = 0, Proton: Mass = 1, Charge = 1, Electron: Mass = negligible, Charge = -1
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Write the state symbols for each physical state.
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(g) = gas, (l) = liquid, (s) = solid, (aq) = aqueous
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Balance this equation: Na + Cl2 → NaCl
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2Na + Cl2 → 2NaCl
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Balance this equation: K + H2O → KOH + H2
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2K + 2H2O → 2KOH + H2
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Describe how heating a metal can help identify it.
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Some elements emit distinctive colours when heated e.g. lithium produces a red flame
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Why does each element produce different line spectrum?
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Different elements emit a different wavelength due to each element having a different electron arrangement
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What can line spectrums be used for?
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To identify elements or to help discover new elements e.g. helium
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What size groups did Dobereiner organise elements into? What were these groups called?
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Triads, groups of three
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Give two reasons why Newlands’ Octaves were criticised
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It did not work for the 3rd row. He did not leave any gaps.
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Why did Mendeleev leave gaps in in his table of elements?
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He predicted we had not found these elements yet as other elements did not fit the pattern
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What feature of atoms determines the order of the periodic table?
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Number of protons
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What is significant about the properties of elements in the same group?
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Elements have similar properties
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What are the rows of the periodic table known as?
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Periods
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How many electrons can the first shell of any atom hold?
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2
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Draw the electron configuration of carbon
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2.4
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Explain why atoms in Group 1 form positive ions
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Elements in group 1 have 1 electron in the outer shell. An atom with lose this electron to get a full outer shell which is more stable. This ion will then have a positive charge.
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Explain why atoms in Group 7 form negative ions
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Elements in group 7 have 7 electrons in the outer shell. An atom will gain one electron to gain a full outer shell which is more stable. This ion will have a negative charge.
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What is ionic bonding?
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The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions
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What kind of structures do ionic compounds form?
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Giant ionic lattices
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The formula of magnesium bromide is MgBr2. The charge on the bromide ion is 1-. What is the charge on the magnesium ion?
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Mg2+
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Which group are the alkali metals?
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Group 1
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As you go down the group of alkali metals do they become more or less reactive?
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More reactive
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Give details of the reactions of the alkali metals with water
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There will be fizzing, hydrogen gas is given off. You form a metal hydroxide.
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Write a balanced equation for the reaction between lithium and chlorine.
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Li + Cl → LiCl
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Atoms of Group 7 elements tend to go round in pairs. What word describes this type of molecule?
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Diatomic
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Describe how the reactivity of the Group 7 elements changes as you go down the group.
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Decreases
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Describe the appearance of chlorine, bromine and iodine at room temperature.
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Cl2 = green gas, Br2 = orange liquid, I2 = grey solid
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Name a type of experiment that could be used to determine the relative reactivity of the halogens.
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Displacement reactions
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What precautions need to be taken when working with Group 7 elements? Why?
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Used in a Fume cupboard due to poisonous vapours
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