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80 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nucleus is made up of:
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Protons and Neutrons
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Electrons have a charge of... and a mass of...
Protons have a charge of... and a mass of... Neutrons have a charge of... and a mass of... |
-1, 0.0005 (Zero)
+1, 1 0, 0 |
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Elements with the same atomic number but different mass numbers are...
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Isotopes
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Elements in the periodic table are arranged in order of....
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In increasing atomic number
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Atoms with a full outer shell of electrons are...
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stable
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Metal atoms... electrons to become stable
Non-metal atoms... electrons to become stable |
Lose
Gain |
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Transferring electrons is called...
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ionic bonding
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To describe ionic bonding we use the...
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Dot and cross method.
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Non-metal atoms sharing electron pairs is called...
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Covalent bonding
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The attraction between two molecules of the same type is called...
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Intermolecular force
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The group number is the same as...
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The number of electrons in the outer shell
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The number of occupied shells is the same as the...
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period the element is in.
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Group 1 elements, are also called...
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Alkali metals
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Group 1 metals react with...
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water
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Reactivity for group 1 metals increases...
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down the group
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The colour of the flame if there is: Lithium in it...
Sodium in it... Potassium in it... |
Red
Yellow Lilac |
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Group 7 elements are also called...
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Halogens
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The two possibilities if a halogen is bubbled through a metal halide are...
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No reaction, or a displacement reaction
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The way a displacement reaction works is...
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B + AC -> AB + C
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Electrons gained...
Electrons lost... |
Reduction
Oxidation |
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Copper compounds are often...
Iron (II) compounds are often... Iron (III) compounds are often... |
Blue
Pale green Orange/brown |
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Iron is a catalyst in the...
Nickel is a catalyst in the... |
Haber Process
Manufacture of margarine |
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Transition elements make good...
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Catalysts
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If a transition metal carbonate undergoes thermal decomposition it forms a...
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Metal oxide and carbon dioxide
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A property can be... or...
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physical, chemical
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Metals have high... and ... because...
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melting and boiling points, of their strong metallic bonds
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Metals conduct electricity because...
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their electrons are free to move
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A metallic bond is a...
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strong electrostatic force of attraction between close=packed metal ions and a sea of delocalised electrons
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Superconductors have...
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little or no electrical resistance at a certain temperature.
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Nitrates get into water through...
Lead gets into water through... |
Fertilisers and Pesticides
Lead pipes |
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Three stages in water production are?
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Sedimentation
Filtration Chlorination |
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Soluble substances such as... are not removed by normal water treatment.
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Nitrates
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Molar mass is
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relative formula mass with g/mol added on the end
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Number of moles =
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mass of chemical/molar mass
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Mass of chemical=
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Number of moles x molar mass
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Empirical formula is...
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Simplified molecular formula
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Percentage mass =
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(Total mass of element in compound/ relative formula mass of compound) x 100
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To convert cm/\3 to dm/\...
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divide by 1000
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amount in moles =
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concentration x volume
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Acid + Alkali ->...
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Salt + water
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concentration =
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number of moles/volume in dm/\3
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Three ways of measuring a gas...
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Collect in a syringe from a sealed beaker
Collect in an upturned burette filled with water Collect in an upturned measuring cylinder filled with water |
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At room temperature and pressure, 1 mole of a gas takes up...
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24dm/\3
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The reactant that runs out first is the...
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limiting reactant
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A reaction is at equilibrium when...
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The rate of the forwards reaction is the same as the backwards reaction, and the concentrations of the reactants and products doesn't change
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If the concentration of the reactants is greater than the products equilibrium is...
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left, and vice versa
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Equilibrium only works in a...
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Closed system
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Changing equilibrium can result from...
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Different pressures, temperatures or concentrations
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A high pH means...
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High concentration of H+ ions
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Strong acids... in water
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ionise completly
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The concentration tells us how many moles of acid there are...
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in 1dm/\3 of a solution
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Ionic substances form...
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Ionic lattices
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Ionic lattices... in water
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break apart
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Precipitation reactions=
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AB + CD -> AD + CB
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Preparing a dry sample of a salt:
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Mix the two solutions
Filter the precipitate out Wash the precipitate with distilled water Dry with an oven or leave to evaporate |
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Ions that do not do anything in a reaction are called...
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spectator ions
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Electrolysis is...
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The flow of charge by moving ions
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In the electrolysis of Sodium Chloride...
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Sodium at Cathode
Chlorine at Anode |
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in the electrolysis of sodium hydroxide...
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Hydrogen at Cathode
Oxygen at anode |
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In electrolysis of sodium hydroxide hydrogen is discharged because...
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It is more reactive than sodium
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In electrolysis of CuSO4...
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Copper at Cathode
Water and oxygen at anode |
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Fuel cells are used in spacecraft because...
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Produce water for astronauts
Lightweight Compact No moving parts |
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Fuel Cells Advantages...
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Lightweight
Compact No moving parts Main product is water No greenhouse gases |
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Fuel Cell disadvantages
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Toxic chemicals
Expensive hard to dispose of |
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The molecular formula for ethanol
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C2H5OH
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Word and symbol equation for fermentation
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Glucose->ethanol +carbon dioxide
C6H12O6->2C2H5OH+ 2CO2 |
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Alcohols have the formula...
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CnH2n+1OH
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Ethene+water->
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ethanol
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Ozone, O3, absorbs
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UV radiation
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CFC's break down
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ozone
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CFC's last
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20 to fifty years before theyre broken down
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Hard water is formed when...
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water has calcium carbonate or calcium sulphate in it
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Calcium carbonate=
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temporary hardness, removed by boiling
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Calcium Sulfate=
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permanent hardness, removed by ion exchange resins
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Water hardness is tested by
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how much soap is needed to form a lather
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Fats or oils are
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hydro carbonates called esters
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If it contains a carbon-carbon bond it is...
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unsaturated
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Unsaturated fats have less
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cholesterol than saturated fats
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To dissolve fats/oils in water...
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emulsifiers with a hydrophilic head and a hydrophobic table are needed, also called detergents
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Dry cleaning means
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not washed in water, another solvent used
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