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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Computer system layered cake
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hardware > OS > app > user
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Application server
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houses and serves business logic for use by multiple programs
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Web services
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software services design to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network
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EDI
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Electronic data interchange Most common use is sending electronic equivalent of structured docs between orgs because computers communicate with less errors |
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Client
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a software program that makes requests of a server program
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APIs
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programming hooks published by orgs to tell how other programs can get a service to perform a task such as send or receive data
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Programming languages
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provide the standards, syntax, statements and instructions for writing computer software
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Integrated development environment (IDE)
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application that includes an editor, debuger, complier etc.
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Compiling
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converts code into machine-readable form |
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Scripting languages
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programming tools that execute within an application
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Capability maturity model integration (CMMI)
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process-improvement approach, assists in assessing maturity, quality, development of org bus processes and suggests steps for their improvement
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LAMP Stack
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Linux, Apache, MySQL, Perl
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OSS
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open source software - Even big data tools - Can have concens of quality/security if fewer developers - Have fewer bugs because of the large number of people who have looked at the code - Can bring products to market faster because skip whole segments of the software development process - Heartbleed - did not have enough developers to look at it - Less popular projects may not get a lot of developers -> network effects |
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Hardened
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tech products with strong security features
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Scalability of software
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ability to easily expand to manage workload increases
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Total cost of ownership
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cost associated with the design, development, testing, implementation, documentation, maintenance etc of a software
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Platform as a service
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vendors provide OS and supporting software but clients write their own code
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Cloud computing
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- replacing computing resources with services provided over the internet - Not suitable when complex legacy systems have to be ported - Decrease hardware and software sales, but increase service expenses |
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Software as a service
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form of cloud computing where firm subscribes to 3rd party software and receives a service that is delivered online - Lower care and maintenance costs - Backed by Oracle - Sign service level agreements - Scalable systems - Lower distribution costs for vendors - However client is dependent on a single vendor - Consumerization of technology is a challenge - employees can go set up a wiki |
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Private clouds
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pool of computing resources reside in an org that can be served up fro specific tasks as need arrives
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Cloud firms
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tend to be located in warehouses designed for computers
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Vertical niches
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products and services designed to target a specific industry
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Software as a service
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cloud vendors that host hardware, OS, DB and other software which clients then build their own apps with
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Black swans
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unpredictable but highly impactful events
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Cloudbursting
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use of cloud computing to provide excess capacity during periods of spiking demand
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Infrastructure as a service
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clients select their own OS, development environments, underlying apps and cloud firm manages the infrastructure
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Virtualization software
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create smaller compartments in memory that each behave as a separate computer
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utility computing
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A form of cloud computing where a firm develops its own software, and then runs it over the Internet on a service provider’s computers.
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Data
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raw facts and figures
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Information
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presented in a context so it can answer a question or support decision making
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Knowledge
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insight derived from experience and expertise
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SQL
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used to create and manipulate databases
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DBMS
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software for creating, maintaining, and manipulating data
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File
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a list of data or table
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Field
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defines the data a table can hold
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Record
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a single instance of whatever the table keep tracks of, or a row of a table
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Database admin
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job focused on directing, performing, overseeing activities of a database
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Relational database
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common standard, tables (files) are related based on common keys
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Artificial intelligence
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software that seeks to reproduce human thought, decision making or brain functions
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Data aggregator
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firms that collect and resell data
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Data warehouse
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- relational database that is designed for query and analysis rather than transaction. Usually has historical data but can include data from other sources
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Data mart
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subset of data warehouse, usually specific business
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E-Discovery
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refers to identifying and retrieving relevant electronic info to support litigation efforts
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Transaction processing systems (TPS)
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- systems that record transactions (form of business exchange) - If not set up for both reporting and analysis data is not efficiently transformed into info - Running analytics can slow down TPS |
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CRM
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used to empower employees to track and record data at every point of customer contact
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Data mining
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- process of using computers to identify hidden patterns and build models from large data sets - Market basket - check to see what they buy together - Data must reflect current and future trends |
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Neural network
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AI system that examines data and hunts down and exposes patterns in order to build models to exploit findings, also used to recognize patterns to improve speech recognition
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Online analytical Processing (OLAP)
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method of querying that takes data from relational databases and summarizes the data, stores it in a data cube. - Data cube - special database used to store data in OLAP reporting |
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Expert systems
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AI systems that leverage rules or examples to perform a task in a way that mimics applied human expertise
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Genetic algorithms
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model building techniques where computers examine many potential solutions to a problem, iteratively modifying various mathermatical models, and comparing the mutated models to search for a best alternative
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Twin nightmares
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having too much inventory or insufficient
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Inventory turnover ratio
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annual sales to inventory
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Customer lifetime value
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the present value of the likely future income stream generated by an individual
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Strategic Asset characteristics
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- Value - Rarity - Lead time - Non-substitutability |
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Data harvesters
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cyber criminals who infiltrate systems and collect data for illegal resale
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Botnets
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large horde of infiltrated computers linked and controlled remotely, zombie networks
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Cyberwarefare
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is Internet-based conflict involving politically motivated attacks on information and information systems ex: attack on US power grid by terrorists |
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Hacker
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used to refer to a skilled programmer
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White hat hacker
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uncovers computer weaknesses without exploiting them
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Hacktivist
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protestor seeking to make a political point by leveraging tech tools
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DDoS (Distrbuted denial of service)
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virtual shutdown with seemingly legit requests
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Stuxnet
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worm that infiltrated nuclear facilities and reprogrammed controls
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Hack
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break into computer or a particularly clever solution
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Zero-day exploits
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attacks so new they are not clearly identified and have not made it into security screening systems
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SQL injection technique
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exploits sloppy practice where user input not validated
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Spoof
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e-mail transmissions and packets that are altered to appear as if they came from another source
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Encryption
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scrambling of data using a cipher, hidden to those who do not have the key
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Certificate authority
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trusted 3rd party that provides authentication services in public key encryption schemes
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Compliance
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legal or professionally binding steps that an org must take
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Intrusion detection system
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monitors network for potential hacking attempts, takes preventative action to block, isolate, identify and warm
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Blacklists
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systems that deny entry of specific IP addresses
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Access control tools
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enforces access privileges and helps verify that systems are not being accessed by unauthorized
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Honeypots
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are tempting but bogus targets meant to draw hacking attempts
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Whitelists
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highly restrictive programs that permit communication only with approved entities/in an approved manner
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Firewalls
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systems that act as controls for network traffic, block unauthorized traffic
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