Minerals And Rocks (Chapter 3)

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Regolith

Back 1

Broken and decomposed rock fragments

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Bedrock

Back 2

A mass of consolidated rock that has not been weathered

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Lava

Back 3

Molten rock material at the surface

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Tephra

Back 4

Other word for pyroclastics

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Magma

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Molten rock matter below Earth's surface

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Clasts

Back 6

Broken fragments of solids

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Igneous Rock

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Molten rocks that are cooled and solidified

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Outcrop

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A mass of exposed bedrock

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Extrusive Igneous Rock

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Also called volcanic rock.

Made from lava.

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Pyroclastics

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Accumulation of fragments of volcanic rock, dust-sized or larger that settle out of the air

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Joints

Back 11

Simple fractures or cracks in bedrock

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Gabbro

Back 12

A coarse grained intrusive rock that cools at depth

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Rhyolite

Back 13

A fine grained, extrusive rock

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Foliation

Back 14

Platy surfaces or wavy bands

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Granite

Back 15

A felsic, coarse grained intrusive rock

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Intrusive Igneous Rock

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When magma changes to solid form.

Also referred to plutonic rock.

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Clastic Sedimentary Rocks

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Sedimentary rocks that form from fragments of preexisting rocks, shells, or bones

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Bedding Plane

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Is the boundary between two sedimentary layers that represent separate depositional events

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Organic Sedimentary Rocks

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Lithify from the remains of organisms, both plants and animals

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Breccia

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Rock composed of lithified fragments that are angular rather than rounded

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Sedimentary rocks

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Are derived from sediment, which is a loose accumulation of unconsolidated fragments

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Lithify

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Process of compaction and cementation

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Plankton

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Drifting microscopic organisms

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Stratification

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Layering in rocks

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Rock

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Is a consolidated aggregate of various types of minerals

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Metamorphic Rocks

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Typically harder and more compact, have a reoriented crystalline structure, and more resistant to weathering.

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Uncomformity

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Indicates a gap in the section caused by removal of sediment from the top of one layer before deposition of the overlying sediment.

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Cross bedding

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Characterized by a pattern of thin sediment layers that accumulated at an angle to the main strata

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Rock Cycle

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Is a conceptual model for understanding processes that generate, alter, transport, and deposit mineral materials to produce diff kinds of rocks

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Metamorphic

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Means "changed form"

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Schist

Back 31

A common metamorphic rock with thin foliation layers