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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Paulings rules
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Five rules for determining the crystal structures of complex ionic crystals
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Ion substitution
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Ions of similar size and charge subsitute for one another
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Intersitial substitution
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Random location of small ions in natural vavancies within crystal lattice
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Omission substitution
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Omission of ion from a crystal lattice position
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Covalent bond
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Sharing of electrons
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Ionic bond
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Atoms lose or gain electrons to become charged
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Metallic bond
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Metal atoms lose electrons to become positively charged
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Elemental abundance
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Oxygen, silicon, aluminum
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Specific gravity
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Weight/loss of weight in water
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Thermoluminescence
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Thermal energy
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Triboluminescenc
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Mechanical deformation
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Diffraction
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reflection at limited angles
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Biaxial
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3 indicies of refraction
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Flourescent
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mineral that emits light when exposed to UV radiation
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Polymorphism
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identical chemical composition but different structure
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Idiochromatic
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constant and characteristic color
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Chromophores
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ions that produce characteristic color
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allochromatic
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variable color
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Luster
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optical property related to the reflectance of light
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Hardness
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Resistance to scratch
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Refraction
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beding of light rays as it passes into another medium
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Relief
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distinctiveness of mineral in transmitted illumination
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Becke line
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Band of light visible outside the grain
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extinction
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position at which light is blocked
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Rule 1
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Anions surround cations
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Rule 2
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Each cation bond is equal to its charge divided by its coord. #
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Rule 3
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Shared edges of two anion polyhedra decreases stability
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Rule 4
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Crystal structures containing several cations, those of high valency and small coord # tend to not share polyhedral elements
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Rule 5
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The # of different kinds of constituents in a crystal tends to be small
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