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31 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Palo Alto, Ca |
They had salvaged gold and silver that had been thrown away |
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Resource |
A concentration of a naturally occurring material that can now or potentially be extracted at a profit Ex.: projected lifetime income |
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Reserve |
A portion of a resource currently available to be legally extracted at a profit Ex.: Money in the bank |
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Difference between resource and reserve |
Geological, economical, and legal factors |
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Pr |
The availability of a mineral in a certain form, concentration, and total amount at that concentration is determined by earths history |
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Petrochemical Products |
Such as plastic which derived from oil and fertilizer |
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Nonmetallic Mineral Resources |
(w/ the exception of iron) are consumed at a much greater rate than elements used for their metallic properties |
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Iron |
Makes up 95% of all metals used (ex: nickel, chromium, cobalt) |
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Solutions to Limited Mineral Resource |
1. Find war 2. Find a substitute 3. Recycle what's already been obtained 4. Use less 5. Do without |
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Mineral Supply Interruptions |
1. Political - Embargo 2. Economic - Price Fixing 3. Military - Instability |
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Ore |
- Metallic minerals that can be mined at a profit - Based on technology, economics, and politics |
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Enrichment Processes (concentrates) |
1. Copper, Gold 2. Disseminated (all broken up) diamond crystals 3. Hydrothermal Placement |
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Metamorphic Processes |
Changes due to pressure, heat, and chemically active fluids |
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Bake Zone |
Back (Definition) |
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Regional Metamorphism |
Large scale mountain building activity |
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Sedimentary Processes |
1) Sand & gravel from water deposits and water worked glaciers
2) Evaporite deposits or precipitates
3) Free gold deposits aka placer deposits |
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Weathering Processes |
Laterite's from aluminum and iron rick igneous rocks
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Ore of Aluminum |
Bouxite |
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Red Oxidized Cup |
Clue you have an enriched zone |
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The Environmental Impact of Mineral Exploration Depends on Factors Such as |
1. Mining procedures 2. Local hydrology conditions 3. Climate 4. Rock types 5. Size of operation 6. Topography |
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The Environmental Impact Will Vary With... |
The stage of development of the resource |
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Permafrost |
Permanently frozen ground |
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Gangue |
- "overburden" - represents 40% of all the solid waste generated in the country |
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Types of Mining and Their Impact |
1. Surface: open pit 2. Subsurface: tunnel or shaft
Surface is more economical |
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Leaching |
The process of dissolving materials by squeezing liquid through a deposit |
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Air Pollution |
Results from extraction and processing operations |
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Acid Tolerant Plants |
Remove metals and neutralize acid by biological activity |
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Paths to Minimize Environmental Effects Associated with Mineral Development |
1. Environmental regulation 2. On and off site treatment of waste |
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3-R's of Waste Management |
1. Reduce 2. Reuse 3. Recycle |
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Recycling of Iron and Steel |
About 90% by weight 50% of the total value of recycled metals |
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Recycling Aluminum.. |
Reduces are need to import raw aluminum ore and saves about 95% of the energy required to produce a new aluminum from bouxite |
