Mineral Resources

Front 1

concentration of a mineral that is of scientific or technical interest

Back 1

Mineral Occurence

Front 2

mineral occurrence of sufficient size and grade or concentration to enable extraction under the most favorable conditions

Back 2

Mineral Deposits

Front 3

mineral deposit that has been tested and known to be economically profitable to mine

Back 3

ORE Deposits

Front 4

rock or mineral material used as filler in cement, asphalt, plaster, etc; generally used to describe not metallic deposits

Back 4

Aggregate

Front 5

a mineral or combination of minerals from which a useful substance, such as a metal, can be extracted and used to manufacture a useful product.

Back 5

ORE

Front 6

are minerals which contain one or more metallic elements. Occur in rare, naturally formed concentrations known as mineral deposits.

Back 6

Metallic Minerals

Front 7

minerals are a special group of chemical elements from which no new product can be generated if they are melted.

Back 7

Non-Metallic Minerals

Front 8

valuable substances are concentrated within an igneous body through magmatic processes such as crystal fractionation, partial melting and crystal settling.

Back 8

Magmatic Ore Deposits

Front 9

as magma cools down, heavier minerals tend to crystallize early and settle at the lower portion of the magma chamber. From a basaltic magma, chromite, magnetite and platinum can be concentrated through ________ _________.

Back 9

Crystal Settling

Front 10

the residual melting contains high percentage of water and volatile substances that are favorable for the formation of pegmatites. Pegmatites are enriched in Lithium, Gold, Boron, rare elements and some other heavy metals.

Back 10

Fractional crystalization

Front 11

2 parts Magmatic Ore Deposits

Back 11

Crystal Setling

Fractional crystallization

Front 12

4 parts of Hydrothermal Ore Deposits

Back 12

Vein type deposits

Disseminated deposits

Stratabound Ore Deposits

Masive Sulfide Deposits

Front 13

concentration of valuable substances by hot aqueous (water-rich) fluids flowing through fractures and pore spaces in rocks.

Back 13

Hydrothermal Ore Deposits

Front 14

are hot, residual watery fluids derived during the later stages of magmacrystallization and may contain large amount of dissolved metals. These can also originate fromthe ground water circulating at depth that is being

Back 14

Hydrothermal Solutions

Front 15

A fairly well defined zone of mineralization, usually inclined and discordant and typically narrow.

Back 15

Vein type deposits

Front 16

Deposits in which the ore minerals are distributed as minute masses (very low concentration) through large volumes of rocks. This occurrence is common for porphyry copper deposits.

Back 16

Disseminated Deposits

Front 17

Precipitation of metals as sulfide minerals such as sphalerite (ZnS) and chalcopyrite (CuFeS2) occurs when hot fluids that circulated above magma chambers at oceanic ridges that may contain sulfur,

Back 17

Massive Sulfide Deposits

Front 18

This deposit is formed when the dissolved minerals in a hydrothermal fluid precipitate in the pore spaces of unconsolidated sediments on the bottom of a lake or ocean. Such minerals may contain economic concentrations of lead, zinc and copper, usually in sulfide form like galena,sphalerite and chalcopyrite.

Back 18

Stratabound Ore deposits

Front 19

2 parts of Sedimentary Ore Deposits

Back 19

Evaporite Deposits

Iron Formation

Front 20

Some valuable substances are concentrated by chemical precipitation coming from lakes or seawater

Back 20

Sedimentary Ore Deposits

Front 21

This type of deposit typically occurs in a closed marine environment where evaporation is greater than water inflow. As most of the water evaporates, the dissolved substances become more concentrated in the residual water and would eventually precipitate.Halite, gypsum ,

Back 21

Evaporite Deposits

Front 22

These deposits are made up of repetitive thin layers of iron-rich chert and several other iron bearing minerals such as hematite and magnetite. Iron formations appear to be of evaporite type deposits and are mostly formed in basins within

Back 22

Iron Formation

Front 23

Deposits formed by the concentration of valuable substances through gravity separation during sedimentary processes.Usually aided by flowing surface waters either in streams or along coastlines.

Back 23

Placer Ore Deposits

Front 24

A type of deposit that results from the accumulation of valuable materials through chemical weathering processes.

Back 24

Residual Ore Deposits

Front 25

Mining is done to extract minerals ( or fossils fuels) from deep deposits in soil using subsurface mining or from shallow deposits by surface mining.

Back 25

Impacts of Mining

Front 26

also known as opencast mining, is asurface mining technique that extractsminerals from an open pit in the ground.MACHINES dig holes and remove the ores.

Back 26

Open-Pit Mining

Front 27

is the underwater excavation of a placer deposit by floating equipment. systems are classified as mechanical or hydraulic depending on the method of material transport.

Back 27

Dredging

Front 28

is employed in coal reserves where the overburden is removed in rectangular blocks in plan view called pits or strips. The pits are parallel and adjacent to each other.

Back 28

Strip Mining

Front 29

2 types of Veins type Deposits

Back 29

Fissure Veins

Ladder Veins

Front 30

Is formed by a partial melting of mantle

Back 30

Basaltic magma

Front 31

Are enriched in lithium, gold, Boron, rare elements, and some other heavy metals

Back 31

Pegmatile

Front 32

5 placer ore deposits

Back 32

Alluvial placers

Beach placers

Eluvial placers

aeolian placers

Paleo- placers

Front 33

The configuration of an area that pertains to elevation and slope variations and the irregularities of land surface.

Back 33

Relief

Front 34

The water in river lakes, oceans, sea,

Replenish naturally through precipitation

Back 34

Surface water

Front 35

where the rock is directly open at the surface of the ground and groundwater is directly recharged, upper part

Back 35

Unconfined aquifer

Front 36

Refers to the quality and intensity of light reglected from s mineral surface

Back 36

Luster

Front 37

Brilliant, such as a cut of diamond

Back 37

Adamantine

Front 38

Refers to the common or characteristic shape of a minerals

Back 38

Crystal form

Front 39

The tendency of a crystalline substances to split into fragments

Back 39

Cleavage

Front 40

The property of mineral breakin in s more or less rand pattern with no smooth planar surfaces

Back 40

Fracture

Front 41

Refers to a mineral’s ability to transmit light

Back 41

Diaphaneity

Front 42

German mineralogist

Back 42

Freidrich Mohs 1812

Front 43

Define as mineral's ability to resist scratching or obression

Back 43

Hardness

Front 44

No significant reflective

Back 44

Dull

Front 45

Glassy

Back 45

Vitreous

Front 46

brilliant, such as a cut diamond

Back 46

Adamantine

Front 47

appearance of resin or tree sap silky, slightly reflective

Back 47

Resinous

Front 48

has sheen of a pear or inside of a shell

Back 48

Pearly

Front 49

The luster of mineral which reflects light from its surface but does not shine like a METAL.

Back 49

Non metallic

Front 50

A color of powder materials when you rub the mineral of unglazed

Back 50

Streak

Front 51

the physical process of rubbing, scouring, or scraping whereby particles of rock (usually microscopic) are eroded away by friction.

Back 51

Abrasion

Front 52

Surface water percent

Back 52

70-75%

Front 53

Freshwater percent

Back 53

3%

Front 54

Saturated -full of water formed groundwater

Back 54

Confined aquifer

Front 55

boundary between the soil surface (unsaturated) and the area where saturates is called

Back 55

Water table

Front 56

brings groundwater to the surface without pumping because it is under pressure within a body of rock and/or sediment known as an aquifer.

Back 56

Artesian well

Front 57

Lang use acticity that have impact on the ground water

Back 57

Septic sewage

Front 58

Is a reservoir or pool of magma within the upper mantle or lowercrust

Back 58

Magma Chamber

Front 59

Refers to a process where only a portoon of the rocks within the Earth crust or mantle melts, leading to the formation of magma.

Back 59

Partial Melting

Front 60

The removal of soluble materials in rocks or ore body through the percolation of water

Back 60

Leaching

Front 61

Is an underground body of rock or sediment that serve as a storage reservoir for large volume of ground water

Back 61

Aquifer

Front 62

It occupies Earth's cracks and pore spaces between bedrocks.

Back 62

Groundwater

Front 63

Cause by the absorption of visible light by the bonds on the structure

Back 63

Colors