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62 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what is the definition of cosmetology? |
the art and science of beautifying the hair, skin, and nails; the study of cosmetics and their application |
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cosmetics comes from which Greek word? |
kosmetikos |
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in the ice age, what were makeup pigments made of |
berries, tree bark, minerals, insects, nuts, herbs, leaves, and other minerals. Many of these colourants are still used today |
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what were African hairstyles a symbol of |
a symbol of tribal traditions and conveyed a message of age, marital status, power, and rank |
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what culture was the first to cultivate beauty in extravagant fashion |
the egyptians |
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what was used to stain nails red (Egypt) |
henna |
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Egypt was the first civilization to use essential oils as what |
infused essential oils from the leaves, bark, and blossoms of plants for perfumes and purification purposes |
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what beauty practices did Nefertiti use and at what time |
dipped fingernails in henna, wore lavish makeup, used essential oils as signature scents, this was circa 1400 BC |
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what did did queen Cleopatra do that was relevant to makeup |
erected a personal cosmetics factory next to the dead Sea circa 50 BC |
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what did both the ancient Rome and Egyptian military commanders do |
stained their nails and lips in matching colours before important battles |
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what did Chinese aristocrats colour their nails with |
they rubbed a tinted mixture of gum arabic, gelatin, beeswax, and egg whites to get them crimson/ebony |
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what were the royal colours in the Zhou Dynasty (1100 BC) |
gold and silver |
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what was the punishment for being a commoner being caught wearing royal nail colours in China? |
they faced a punishment of death |
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what did the ancient Greeks use perfumes and cosmetics for? |
religious rites, grooming, and medicinal purposes |
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what did Greek women apply for beauty |
white lead onto their faces, kohl around their eyes, and vermilion upon their cheeks and lips |
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how was vermillion (cinnabar) applied? |
mixed with ointment or dusted on the same way as modern cosmetics |
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what were the three hair colours associated with women's classes in rome |
noblewomen=red, middle-class=blond, poor=black |
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what era did women wear coloured makeup on cheeks and lips, but not eyes? |
the middle ages |
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why did renaissance women shave their eyebrows and hairline |
a large, browless forehead was thought to make women look intelligent |
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what period had men and women taking pride in their physical appearance without highly coloured lips, cheeks, and eyes? |
the Renaissance |
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why did Victorian women bite and pinch their cheeks and lips? |
to being out natural reds rather than using cosmetics |
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what (other than motion pictures) became prevalent in the 20th century and what did it produce? |
the spread of industrialization Brought new prosperity to the US. Beauty applications began to follow the trends set by celebrities and society figures. |
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what year did max faktor emigrate from Lodz, Poland, to the US |
1904 |
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what year did max faktor change his name to Max factor and where did he live |
1908 in Los Angeles |
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why was max factors makeup popular with movie stars |
it would not cake or crack, even under studio lights |
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what year was the curling iron invented |
1872 |
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who invented the curling iron |
Marcel grateau (françois Marcel) |
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what was the first curling iron |
tongs heated by a gas burner |
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when was the electric curling iron invented |
1923 |
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what (other than the curling iron) did Marcel grateau develop |
permanent wave machine, barbers clippers, a safety razor |
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what made the 1920s an era of change for cosmetology |
unionizing and practice of barbering brought forth a new set of standards that upgraded cosmetology |
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where and what year was the Associated Master Barbers of America organized? |
Chicago in 1924 |
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what is the updated name of the Associated Master Barbers of America, and what did it represent? |
Associated Master Barbers and Beauticians of America (AMBBA). It represented barbershop and beauty salon owners and managers |
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when did the AMBBA establish the National Education Council and what was it's goal? |
1925, the goal was to standardize requirements for barber schools and instructor training, establish a curriculum, set state licensing laws |
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what year did AMBBA adopt the barber code of ethics and what did it promote? |
1929, it promoted professional responsibility in the trade |
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who marketed the first nail polish in 1932, and what industry did they borrow formulas from |
Charles Revson (associated with Revlon), borrowed from the automobile paint industry |
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which actresses glamorized nail polish on their fingers and toes with their screen presence? |
Jean Harlow and Gloria Swanson |
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what year was the first permanent hair colour introduced |
1932 |
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who introduced the first permanent hair colour product and what company founded it? |
Lawrence Gelb, founded by Clairol |
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what year did Max Factor create pancake makeup (for actors skin to look natural in colour film) |
1935 |
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what products/services were introduced in the second half of the twentieth century |
tube mascara, improved haircare and nail products, weekly salon appointments (rise and fall) |
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who became very popular and altered the hairstyling industry in the late 1960s with geometric haircuts |
Vidal Sassoon |
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where and what year did Trevor Sorbie open his first salon |
Covent Garden, England, in 1979 |
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what year was the first ammonia-free hair colour invented |
1985 |
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who invented the first ammonia-free hair colour |
Farouk Shami |
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when did the salon industry begin to involve day spas and who coined that name |
since the late 1980s, coined by Noel DeCaprio |
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what is the name of the modern excellent employment opportunity for Cosmetologists coined by Noel DeCaprio |
day spas |
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why is continuing education important to your career's future? |
it holds they key to individual development, personal motivation, Knowledge, confidence, and opportunities to advance your career/achieve success |
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what are the highlighted career paths for a cosmetologist? |
haircolour specialist, texture specialist, haircutting specialist, distributor sales consultant, film, theatrical, or editorial stylist, creative director |
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once you have recieved additional training/experience in hair colour, what opportunities might you have? |
responsible for training others in haircolour services, work for a product manufacturer where you train others based on the company's guidelines/product instructions |
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once you have recieved additional training/experience in texture services, what opportunities might you have? |
responsible for training others in texture services, work for a manufacturer to train others based on company's guidelines/product instructions |
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what is the name for the subspecialty of texture services that focuses on maintaining Natural curls |
curly hair specialist |
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what must one dedicate themselves to learning as a haricutting specialist? |
various cutting styles and techniques |
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after perfecting your own skills and method in haircutting, what are some next steps? |
study with other reputable haircutters to perform better and coach those around you |
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what are some of the important aspects of the distributor sales consultant role? |
aid in the salon's important relationships with distributors, provide information about new products, trends, and techniques, the link from the salon to the outside industry |
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what type of cosmetology professionals should be distributor sales consultants? |
highly skilled and trained |
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what is the most efficient method that outside companies use to reach the salon stylist? |
the link provided by the distributor sales consultant |
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what is the best start to getting into a film/theatrical/editorial stylist role? |
volunteering (call agencies, network with photographers, ask fellow hairdressers) |
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which cosmetology career path requires long days and may lead to you joining a local union? |
film/theatrical/editorial stylist |
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what are some requirements to be a film/theatrical/editorial stylist? |
persistence, networking skills, reliability, team spirit, attention to detail, continuing education (wigs, hairpieces, makeup) |
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what is the executive level career path that most manufacturers consider the driving force behind brand success |
creative director |
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what are the skills that salon managers must possess? |
an aptitude for math and accounting, the ability to read documents (profit and loss statements), an understanding of marketing (advertising, public relations, promotions) |
