(Midterms) Endocrine System

Front 1

Preprohormone

Back 1

ex. Preproinsulin, is the precursor

Front 2

Prohormone

Back 2

ex. Proinsulin

Front 3

Prehormone

Back 3

Molecules secreted by endocrine glands that are inactive until changed into hormones by target cells

Front 4

steroids

Back 4

synthesized from cholesterol

Front 5

proteins

Back 5

stored in secretory vesicle and released by exocytosis

Front 6

Epinephrine and norepinephrine

Back 6

stored in secretory granules similar to protein

Front 7

Negative feedback

Back 7

hormone tend to suppress its further release

Front 8

Positive feedback

Back 8

hormone cause additional secretion of hormone

Front 9

Cyclic variations

Back 9

1. Diurnal

2. Seasonal

3. Age

Front 10

Steroid and Thyroid hormones

Back 10

have to dissociate before they become biologically active

Front 11

Steroid and Thyroid hormones

Back 11

cleared from blood at much slower rates

Front 12

Peptides and amine hormones

Back 12

rapidly excreted by kidneys and livers

Front 13

Peptides and amine hormones

Back 13

bind to receptors in cell membrane

Front 14

Steroid hormones

Back 14

bind to receptors in cytoplasm

Front 15

Thyroid hormones

Back 15

bind to receptors in cell nucleus

Front 16

Peptides and amine hormones

Back 16

uses the second messenger system

Front 17

second messenger system

Back 17

1.cAMP (adenyl cyclase)

2. Phospholipid messenger system

3. Calcium-Calmodulin messenger system

Front 18

Pituitary gland

Back 18

other name for Hypophysis Cerebri

Front 19

Sella Turcica

Back 19

The pituitary gland is lodged in the _______

Front 20

Anterior pituitary

Back 20

Adenohypophysis

Front 21

Posterior Pituitary

Back 21

Neurohypophysis

Front 22

Pars intermedia

Back 22

undeveloped in humans

Front 23

Growth Hormone-RH (GHRH)

Back 23

stimulates GH secretion by somatotropes

Front 24

Somatostatin

Back 24

inhibit GH secretion

Front 25

Corticotropin

Back 25

stimulates production of glucocorticoids

Front 26

Follicle stimulating hormone

Back 26

Stimulates development of ovarian follicles and estrogen production

Front 27

Follicle stimulating hormone

Back 27

regulates spermatogenesis

Front 28

Luteinizing hormone

Back 28

causes ovulation and development of the corpus luteum

Front 29

Luteinizing hormone

Back 29

stimulates progesterone

Front 30

Luteinizing hormone

Back 30

stimulates testosterone

Front 31

Prolactin

Back 31

stimulates milk production and secretion

Front 32

Somatotropin

Back 32

stimulates body growth

Front 33

Acromegaly

Back 33

hypersecretion occurs after puberty

Front 34

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)

Back 34

stimulates reabsorption of water

Front 35

Oxytocin

Back 35

stimulates powerful contraction of uterine muscles

Front 36

Oxytocin

Back 36

stimulates milk ejection during breastfeeding

Front 37

Thyroxin

Back 37

93% of the thyroid hormones

Front 38

Triiodothyronine

Back 38

7% of the thyroid hormones

Front 39

Thiocyanate

Back 39

anti-thyroid substance

decrease iodide trapping

Front 40

Propylthiouracil

Back 40

anti-thyroid substance

blocks oxidation of iodides and their coupling

Front 41

Iodides

Back 41

anti-thyroid substance

high concentration blocks release of hormone

Front 42

Grave's disease

Back 42

disease of thyroid

Toxic goiter/ Thyrotoxicosis

Front 43

Myexedema

Back 43

disease of thyroid

characterized by puffiness or bagginess under the eyes

Front 44

Cretinism

Back 44

disease of thyroid

stunted body growth and mental retardation

Front 45

Oxyphil cells

Back 45

depleted chief cells

Front 46

Function of parathyroid hormone

Back 46

Increase Ca and PO4

Front 47

Hypoparathyroidism

Back 47

Osteocytic osteolysis and osteoclasts activity ceases

Front 48

Hyperparathyroidism

Back 48

Leads to excess osteoclastic activity

Front 49

Buffer function of Ca

Back 49

first line of defense

Front 50

Hormonal control

Back 50

second line of defense

Front 51

Zona glomerulosa

Back 51

outermost layer,15% of cortex

Front 52

Zona fasciculata

Back 52

Middle thicker layer ,75% cortex

Front 53

Zona reticularis

Back 53

innermost layer 10%

Front 54

Zona glomerulosa

Back 54

secretes aldosterone, mineralocorticoids

Front 55

Zona Fasciculata

Back 55

secretes cortisol and cortisone

Front 56

Zona reticularis

Back 56

secretes androgens

Front 57

Aldosterone

Back 57

hormone that increases K concentration and angiotensin II

Front 58

Excess aldosterone

Back 58

results to hypokalemia

Front 59

Deficient aldosterone

Back 59

results to hyperkalemia

Front 60

Glucocorticoids

Back 60

affects metabolism of carbs proteins and fat

Front 61

Glucocorticoids

Back 61

inflammatory effects

Front 62

Glucocorticoids

Back 62

suppresion of the immune system

Front 63

Adrenal androgens

Back 63

development of male sex organs even in childhood

Front 64

Addison's disease

Back 64

hyposecretion of all hormones

resulting to death

bronze skin

Front 65

Cushing's disease

Back 65

moon face and buffalo hump

Front 66

Primary aldosteronism

Back 66

Conn's syndrome

Front 67

Short term stress response

Back 67

Alarm stage

Mediated by secretions of the adrenal medulla

Front 68

Long term term stress response

Back 68

Resistance stage

Mediated by secretions of the cortex

Front 69

Pancreas

Back 69

pinkish white organ which is both exocrine and endocrine

Front 70

Glucagon

Back 70

Alpha cells of pancreas

Front 71

Insulin

Back 71

Beta cells of pancreas

Front 72

Somatostatin

Back 72

Delta cells of pancreas

Front 73

Pancreatic polypeptide

Back 73

PP cells

Front 74

Glucagon

Back 74

Hypergylcemic hormone

Front 75

Diabetes mellitus

Back 75

chronic deficiency of insulin production or decreased sensitivity of tissue to insulin

Front 76

Polyuria

Back 76

excessive urination

Front 77

Polydipsia

Back 77

Excessive drinking

Front 78

Polyphagia

Back 78

excessive eating