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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Volume of gas in the lungs at maximum inspiration
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TLC
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Maximum volume of gas that can be inhaled after a normal exhalation
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IC
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Maximum volume of gas that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation or the maximum volume of gas that can be inhaled after a maximum exhalation
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VC
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Volume of gas that remains in the lungs after a normal exhalation
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FRC/ VTG
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the volume of gas that can be inhaled above a normal inhalation
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IRV
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The amount of gas inhaled or exhaled during normal breathing
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vt
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The volume of gas exhaled after a normal exhalation
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ERV
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the volume of gas remaining in the lungs after a maximal exhalation (can only be measured indirectly)
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RV
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Name a disease process with hyperinflation
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Asthma
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Name a disease process with hyper-expansion
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COPD
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In the FVL what is represented above the horizontal line
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exhalation
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In the FVL what is represented below the horizontal line
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inhalation
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In the FVL what is measured on the vertical line
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flow
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In the FVL what is measured on the horizontal line
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Volume
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What is the normal TLC
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6L
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What is the normal IRV
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3.1L
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What is the normal VT
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.5L
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What is the normal ERV
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1.2L
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What is the normal RV
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1.2L
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What is the normal IC
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3.6L
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What is the normal FRC
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2.6L
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What is the normal VC
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4.8L
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What is the normal range for MVV
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150-200 L/M
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What is the multiple breath concentration dilution formula
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V(int) x C(int) = V(fin) x C(fin)
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Mild hypoxemia
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50-60
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Moderate hypoxemia
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40-50
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Severe hypoxemia
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below 40
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What is a device that measures flow using different physical principles, the flow is integrated electrically into a volume
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pneumotachometers
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List 3 different flow sensing pneumotachometers
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pressure differential
rotating vane (respirometer wright) heater wire |
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Pressure differential flow sensors are generally referred to as
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pneumotachs
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Which type of oxygen flow system most of the oxygen is delivered during the first half of inhalation with the remainder wasted
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continuous flow
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What type of oxygen delivery system is a coordinated pulse of oxygen which is delivered during the first 25% of inspiration and no waste occurs
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pulse oxygen
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List 4 effects of chronic hypoxemia
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-pulmonary hypertension (CHF, Cor Pulmonale)
- Erythrocythemia - Impaired cognitive process - Nocturnal restlessness |
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What must your PaO2 be for home O2
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<55
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What must your SpO2 be for home O2
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<89%
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List 2 goals of home O2 therapy
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- Reverse chronic hypoxemia
- increase quality of life |
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What is the FEV1/FVC ratio for someone with obstruction
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<75%
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What is the FEF25-75 for someone with obstruction
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<65%
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List 3 causes of obstruction
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swelling, emphysema, tumor, bronchospasm
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What is the FVC for someone with restriction
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<80%
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What is the green zone for peak flow meters
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80-100%
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What is the yellow zone for peak flow meters
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50-80%
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What is the red zone for peak flow meters
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0-50%
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What is the normal daily variable for PFT values
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<30%
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A patient presents with a pH of 7.20 with no compensation. What will you expect to see in the other ABG values:
a. A Decreased PCO2 or increased bicarb b. A decreased PCO2 and a decreased bicarb c. An increased PCO2 or a decreased bicarb d. An increased PCO2 and an increased bicarb |
c. An increased PCO2 or a decreased bicarb
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A characteristic of chronic respiratory failure that distinguishes it from acute respiratory failure is the presence of: a. increased PaCO2
b. decreased pH c. normal PaCO2 d. increased HCO3 e. Decreased PaCO2 |
d. increased HCO3
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What is the most likely interpretation of the following ABG (assuming sea level) pH - 7.0, PCO2 - 63, PO2- 39, HCO3- 15:
a. partially compensated metabolic acidosis with mild hypoxemia b. acute respiratory acidosis with moderate hypoxemia c. partially compensated respiratory acidosis with severe hypoxemia d. combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis with severe hypoxemia |
d. combined respiratory and metabolic acidosis with severe hypoxemia
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The body is always trying to maintain ______, and the direction of the pH always tells you _______.
a. slightly acidotic state......direction of compensation b. a normal pH.........the primary problem c. proper fluid balance........fluid loss or gain d. electrolyte balance......whether the anion gap is low or high |
b. a normal pH.........the primary problem
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The ratio of bicarbonate to dissolved CO2 in the blood plasma, which would result in a pH of 7.4, is :
a. 1.1 b.10:1 c.50:1 d.20:1 |
d.20:1
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Please interpret the following ABG's drawn on room air at sea level.
pH = 7.48 pCO2 = 30 pO2 = 95 HCO3 = 23 a. a respiratory alkalosis with normal oxygenation, because of the increased ph and decreased PCO2. Patient probably increased his minute ventilation due to the anticipation of pain. b. a perfectly normal gas for sea level c. a respiratory acidosis with normal oxygenation, because of the increased ph and decreased PCO2. Patient probably held his breath due to pain. d. A metabolic alkalosis with normal oxygenation, because of the increased pH. The patient may have vomited before the test. |
a. a respiratory alkalosis with normal oxygenation, because of the increased ph and decreased PCO2. Patient probably increased his minute ventilation due to the anticipation of pain.
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Formula for bronchodilator % change
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post - pre
_________ x 100% pre |
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Peakflow variability
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(Highest PEFR - Lowest PEFR)
________________________________ Highest PEFR |
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Cylinder duration
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PSI x tank factor
_______________ Liter Flow |
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H cylinder Tank Factor
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3.14 L/PSI
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E cylinder Tank Factor
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.28 L/PSI
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Alveolar air equation PAO2
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FIO2 (BP-47) - PaCO2/.8
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How do you calculate your MVV
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FEV1 x 35
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Peakflow ATS acceptability criteria
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-Patient is sitting or standing up straight
-Patient inhaled maximally and exhaled maximally without holding his or her breath - At least 3 efforts performed - Largest PEF obtained is recorded |
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List ATS acceptability criteria for FVC
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- Maximal effort and performance must be optimal
- no leaks, hesitation, cough, or glottic closure - back extrapolation <5% of FVC or 150cc whichever is greater - sharp peak flow on FVL - no variable flows - Volume plateau must be equal to 1 second - New criteria FEV6 with or without plateau - completed flow volume loop |
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List the ATS repeatability criteria for the FVC
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The 2 largest FVC and FEV1 of 3 trials should be less than or equal to a 200cc difference
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List ATS acceptability criteria for SVC
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-Tidal breaths at true FRC level
- maximal effort and preformance must be optimal -at least 3 tidal breaths within 100cc at the patients norml resting level before the SVC - volume plateau at maximal inspiration and exhalation -ERV and IC within 5% or 60cc whichever is greater - Vt should still be less than 1000cc - The SVC should be within 200cc of the largest FVC -FVC = SVC normal, restrictive - FVC <SVC obstructive defect |
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List the ATS repeatability criteria for the SVC
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- The 2 largest tests out of the 3 should be less than or equal to 200cc
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List ATS acceptability criteria for MVV
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- Maximal effort and performance must be optimal for at least 12 seconds
- no leaks hesitation or cough - RR should be greater than 60 BPM - Vt should average 60% of the FVC - The MVV should be approximately equal to 35x FEV1 |
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List the ATS repeatability criteria for the MVV
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-Largest 2 trials should be within 10%
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List 5 things on an ABG slip
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-Name
-Room # -Temp -FIO2 -ABG complications |
