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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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lipid-soluble hormones =
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-are carried attached to a transport protein made by liver
-considered a bound hormone -the transport protein stops hormones from being broken down |
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1 example of a synergistic effect:
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-estrogen, progesterone and prolactine produce milk
-OT ejects milk |
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Antagonistic effect =
1 example: |
the effect of 1 hormone on a target cell is opposed by another hormone
ex: insulin decreases BS glucagon increase BS |
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thyroglobulin=
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-a very large glycoprotein
-an amber colored, sticky substance |
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2 hormones that are produced by follicular cells
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1) triiodothyronine (T3) 10% of product
2) thyroxine (T4) 90% of product |
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What does the parasympathetic division do to the body?
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-decrease HR, BP
-constrict pupils -lessen breathing -increase secretion and mobility of GI tract |
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4 main nerve plexuses and location:
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1) cervicle plexus - C1-C4
2) brachial plexus - C5-T1 3) lumbar plexus - L1-L4 4) sacral plexus - L4-S4 |
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phrenic nerve =
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-motor and sensory fibers to diaphragm
-most important of cervicle plexus -irritation causes hiccups -death if severed |
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ulnar nerve =
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- "funny bone"
-lies against medial epicondyle of humerus -loss of sensation to pinky if hit |
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radial nerve =
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"wrist drop" - extensors don't work
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What are the effects of calcitonin?
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1) decrease blood Ca++ levels
2) promotes Ca++ deposition 3) stimulates osteoblast activity 4) decrease osteoclast activity |
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Median nerve =
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-carpal tunnel
-numbness and tingling in palm of hand -weak thumb movements |
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femoral nerve =
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-cannot extend knee
-innervates quad muscle |
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sciatic nerve =
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-longest and thickest peripheral nerve
-most vulnerable -"sciatica" = pain extending from gluteals down posterior aspect of thigh and leg -foot drop |
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What is a nerve?
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-cord composed of many axons
-few fibers or more than a million -divides into smaller branches |
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cretinism =
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-hypothyroidism in children
-abnormal bone development -thickened facial features -low body temp -short -mentally retarted |
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myxedema=
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-hypothyroidism in adults
-low metabolic rate -dry skin and hair -(mental) sluggishness -edema -weight gain |
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symptoms of Grave's disease:
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-adult hyperthyroidism
-elevated metabolic rate -increased HR -nervousness -weight loss -bulging eyes, abnormal sweating, intolerance to heat |
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What is goiter?
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pathological enlargement of thyroid gland
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What does hypercalcemia do?
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-raises blood Ca++ levels and phosphate ions
-Ca++ is leached from bones making them soft, deformed and fragile -promotes formation of kidney stones |
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spinothalamic tracts =
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-from spine to thalamus
-carries signals for: pain, temp., itch, pressure, tickle, touch |
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pyramidal tracts (corticospinal) =
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-carries signals for precise, finely coordinated limb movement
-from the pyramids in the medulla oblongata |
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What is a reflex?
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-fast, predictable, automatic response to a stimulus
-occurs without conscious thought ex: contraction of all 3 muscle types |
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meningeal branch of a spinal nerve does what?
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reenters the vertebral canal and innervates the meninges and blood vessels
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What is a nerve plexus?
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where nerves branch and merge repeatedly to form web-like braids
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hormones produced by the pancreas =
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-insulin
-glucagon -pancreatic somatostatin -pancreatic polypeptide |
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1) diabetes mellitus =
2) diabetes insipidus = |
1) hyposecretion of insulin
2) hyposecretion of ADH |
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Hormones produced by the thymus gland and their function:
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thymosin and thymopoietin
-involved in the normal development of T lymphocytes and immunity |
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Purposes of thyroid hormone =
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-increase HR
-increase contraction strength -increase respiratory rate -promotes alertness -promotes bone growth -promotes développement of skin, hair, nails, teeth |
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The effects of PTH =
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increase blood Ca++ levels so increase the # and activity of osteoclasts
-induce Ca++ resorption in kidney -increase rate of Vit D synthesis -increase rate of Ca++ absorption in small intestine |
