Midterm Iii Detailed And Organized Micbio

Front 1

What two organs are part of the upper respiratory tract?

Back 1

1) oropharynx
2) nasopharynx

Front 2

What two organs are part of the lower respiratory tract?

Back 2

1) bronchi
2) lungs

Front 3

Through what means can Group A Streptococci get into the host? List four.

Back 3

1) Oropharyngeal
2) Spread by aerosols or direct skin contact
3) Adherence of lipoteichoic acid to M protein which binds to fibronectin host protein
4. skin or mucuous membrane colonization

Front 4

What are four virulence factors for Group A Streptococcus?

Back 4

1. M protein
2. Hyaluronic acid capsule
3. Hemolysins
4. Pyrogenic Exotoxins

Front 5

How long can whooping cough persist?

Back 5

2 months

Front 6

What is the role of the IgA protease in the multiplication and spread of Gonorrhea?

Back 6

1) cleaves IgA
2) removes fecal end of molecules bound to the gonococcus
3)prevents opsonization

Front 7

Are there any exotoxins involved in the multiplication and spread of GC?

Back 7

NO EXOTOXINS!
However a very toxic endotoxin (LPS) is important.

Front 8

How does the fallopian tube culture more Gonorrhea?

Back 8

1) GC attaches to noncilliated cells and these GC are internalized by parasite directed endocytosis
2) Vacuoles with GC coalesce to make bigger vacuoles where GC multiplies
3. Vacuoles exocytose the GC

Front 9

What are three characteristics of chlamydia that distinguish it from other STDs?

Back 9

1) small gram negative rods
2) obligate intracellular parasite (means only grows inside host cells)

Front 10

How do you diagnose Chlamydia?

Back 10

1) PCR or genetic probes
2) Antigen detection tests such as DFA
3) Enzyme ImmunoAssays
4) culture

Front 11

In the dimorphic life cycle of Chlamydia, describe the appearance of its infectious form.

Back 11

The E-bodies have a tough protein layer woven with disulfide bridges.

Front 12

How does the formation of R bodies happen in the dimorphic life cycle of Chlamydiae?

Back 12

Cell differentiation happens which causes a reduction of disulfide bridges which forms R bodies.

Front 13

What do Chlamydial R bodies do to promote entry, multiplication, and spread of?

Back 13

They form microscopic colonies in the phagosomes of epithelial cells.

Front 14

Give an example of how a disease is transmitted horizontally.

Back 14

Horizontally mean it goes from adult to another adult.

Front 15

Give an example of how a disease is transmitted vertically.

Back 15

Vertically means mother to fetus

Front 16

When is syphilis considered lethal in terms of duration?

Back 16

decades after the initial infection

Front 17

What is the shape of Treponema pallidum?

Back 17

It is a spirochete (corkscrew; long & slender)

Front 18

review syphillis

Back 18

skim through it. she might not ask about it but refresh memory.

Front 19

How does V. cholera enter the GI tract?

Back 19

Through food and water. Duh.
Remember her ceviche example and how it's important to eat crustaceans piping hot.

Front 20

How do the vibrios attach to the jejuno-ileal mucosal epithelia?

Back 20

toxin co-regulated pilli and flagella

Front 21

In a cholera toxin, what do the A and B subunits bind to?

Back 21

the A subunit is inserted into the cell.

The B subunit binds to the ganglioside

Front 22

What does the O1 serogroup for V. Cholera do?

Back 22

It is the epidemic form of cholera.

Front 23

What is O139 referred to?

Back 23

It is referred to the Bengal strain and is responsible for large outbreaks

Front 24

How do you diagnose V. Cholera?

Back 24

1) isolate from stool by TCBS
2) EIA
3) serogroup and serotype
4) Oral rehydration therapy

Front 25

What does it mean when a fungi is dimorphic?

Back 25

It means that the fungi has both yeast and mold phases.

Front 26

The cell walls of fungi contain what instead of peptidoglycan?

Back 26

Chitin

Front 27

What are three examples of cutaneous mycoses?

Back 27

1) dermatomycoses
2) ringworms
3) tineas

Front 28

Memorize the following tineas:

Back 28

barbae- beard hair
capitis - scalp hair
corporis - anywhere on body skin
cruris - (jock itch) groin area
pedis - foot
unguinum - nails

Front 29

What are three systemic mycoses caused by frank pathogens?

Back 29

1) Histoplasma capsulatum
2) Blastomyces dermatitids
3) Coccidioides immitis

Front 30

What are some features of histoplasma capsulatum?

Back 30

1) mold form near rivers
2) uses guano to grow
3) converts to yeast
4) leaves people asymptomatic

Front 31

What two major systemic mycoses occur in the mold form near the rives?

Back 31

Histoplasma and Blastomyces

Front 32

Which systemic mycoses causes valley fever?

Back 32

Cocciodioides immitis

Front 33

What are the systemic mycoses cause by opportunists?

Back 33

1) Cryptococcus neoformans
2) Candida albicans
3) Pneumocystis jiroveci

Front 34

Out of the systemic mycoses that are caused by opportunists, which one used to be a protozoan?

Back 34

Pneumocystis jiroveci

Front 35

What are three of the most common antifungal drugs (give generic name)?

Back 35

1) Amphotericin B
2) Azole drugs
3) Nikkomycin

Front 36

How does Nikkomycin specifically work?

Back 36

It stops chitin synthesis

Front 37

What does Naegleria fowlerii cause?

Back 37

amebic meningoencephalitis

Front 38

What does Entamoeba histolytica cause?

Back 38

amebic dysentery

Front 39

What is the disease that pregnant women should take caution with when changing the cat's litter box?

Back 39

Toxoplasma gondii

Front 40

What is Trypanosoma cruzi a fancy name for?

Back 40

Chaga's disease