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74 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Application Software
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software you use to do everyday tasks at home.
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System Software
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set of software programs that helps run the computer and coordinates instructions between application software and the computers hardware devices.
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Operating System (OS)
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a group of programs that control how your computer system functions.
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Real Time Operating System (RTOS)
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Type of operating system that is a program with a specific purpose and must guarantee certain response times for particular computing tasks.
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Single User OS
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Computers on which one user is performing just one task at a time.
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Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS)
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Another single user single task operating system. First widely installed operating system in personal computers.
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Multiuser Operating System
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enables more than one user to access the computer system at one time by handling and prioritizing all the requests from multiple users.
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Platform
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The combo of the operating system and processor.
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MAC OS
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The first commercially available operating system to incorporate a Graphical User Interface with its user friendly point-and-click technology in an affordable computer.
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Linux
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an open source operating system that uses a Linux kernal and the rest of the code is from the GNU project.
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open source program
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one that is freely available for developers to use or modify as they wish.
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Mainframes
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very large computers that handle the requests of hundreds or thousands of users simultaneously.
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UNIX
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a multiuser, multitask operating system used primarily with mainframes as a network operating system.
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What Does the Operating System Do?
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-provides a way for the user to interact with the computer.
-manages the processor or CPU -Manages memory and storage -Manages the computers hardware |
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User Interface
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enables you to interact with the computer.
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Command Driven Interface
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one which you enter commands to communicate with the computer system.
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Graphical User Interface
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displays graphics and uses the point and click technology of the mouse and cursor.
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Interrupt
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tells the operating system that it is need of immediate attention.
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Virtual Memory
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The process of optimizing RAM storage by borrowing hard drive space.
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Swap File
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Switching the memory process from RAM to the hard drive depending on the memory capacity.
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Thrashing
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The condition of excess paging or swap filing.
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Device Driver
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facilitates the communication between the hardware device and the operating system.
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Paging
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The process of swapping.
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Plug and Play (PnP)
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The devices whose drivers are included.
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Filename
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the first part of the file.
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Extension
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Identifies what kind of family of files the file belongs in, or to which application it should be used.
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File Compression
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a program that takes out redundancies in a file to reduce the file size. (WinZip)
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Disk Cleanup
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a Windows utility that cleans unnecessary files from your hard drive.
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Disk Defragmenter
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Regroups related files on the hard disk, allowing the OS to work more efficiently.
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Task Manager Utility
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Checks on the program or to exit the nonresponsive program.
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Task Scheduler Utility
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allows you to schedule tasks to run automatically at predetermined times without and interaction necessary.
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Moores Law
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The pace at which the central processing unit rates the improvement of the brains of the computer.
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System Evaluation
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determining whether your computer has the right hardware components to do what you want it to do.
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CPU
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Central processing unit located in the motherboard.
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Motherboard
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the primary circuit board for the computer system.
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Arithmetic Logic Unit
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responsible for performing all the arithmetic calculations.
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Control Unit
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coordinates activities of all other computer components.
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Physical Memory
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Thee amount of RAM that is sitting in your memory modules.
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Kernal Memory
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The memory that your OS uses.
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Hard Disk Drives
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the largest storage capacity of any storage device.
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Access Time
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The time it takes a storage device to access its stored data and make it available for processing. (seek time + latency)
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Head Crash
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A stoppage of the hard disk drive that often results in data loss.
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Floppy Disk
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A type of portable memory, slow, and outdated.
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Flash Memory Card
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another form of portable storage, that is nonvolatile and can be electrically erased and reprogrammed.
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Firewire
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a port that is the fastest.
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Network
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2 or more computers connected via software and hardware so they can communicate with each other.
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Nodes
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Devices connected to a network.
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Peer to Peer networks (P2P)
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each node connected to a network can communicate directly with every other node on the network.
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Client/ Server Networks
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A network that contains 2 different types of computers.
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LAN
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local area network
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WAN
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wide area network, long distances
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Twisted Pair Cable
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normal telephone wires, coper wires twisted around each other surrounded by a jacket.
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Transmission Media
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a network of nodes.
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Coaxial Cable
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The wire running to your TV or cable box, a single copper wire surrounded by layers of plastic.
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Fiber Optic Cable
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VERY FAST CABLE, media transmission.
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Data Transfer Rate (Bandwidth)
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Max speed at which data can be transmitted between 2 nodes on a network.
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Throughput
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the actual speed of data transfer. Usually less than the bandwidth.
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Network Adaptors (Network Interface Cards)
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devices connected to or installed in network nodes that enable the nodes to communicate with each other to access the network.
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Routers
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transfer packets of data between 2 or more networks.
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Switches
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traffic cops of networks, that receive data packets and send them to their intended nodes on the same network.
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Wireless Network Adaptor
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each node on a wireless network requires this..
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Wireless Router
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a device that combines the capabilities of a wire router with the ability to receive wireless signals.
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Wireless Access Point
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a device that attaches to a network and provides wireless nodes with the means of wirelessly connecting to the network.
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Cybercrime
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any criminal action perpetrated primarily through the use of a computer.
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Cybercriminals
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individuals who use computers, networks, and the Internet to perpetuate crime.
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White Hat Hackers
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Hackers that break into legal systems just for the challenge of it.
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Black Hat Hackers
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hackers that use their knowledge to destroy information or for legal gain.
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Script Kiddies
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Amateur hackers that use tools created by skilled hackers to wreak the same havok.
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Trojan Horse
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Program that appears to be something desirable , but at the same time does something malicious in the background without your knowledge.
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Firewall
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software programs designed to keep computers safe from hackers.
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boot sector virus
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replicate themselves into the Master Boot Record of the hard drive.
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Logic Bombs
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viruses that are triggered when certain conditions are met.
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Time Bomb
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viruses that are triggered by the passage of time or a certain date.
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Worms
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slightly different from viruses in that they attempt to travel between systems through network connections to spread their infections.
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