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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What were the dates of the middle ages?
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476-1450
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Who was the first advocate for law and government?
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Charlemagne
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What was the role of music in the early middle ages?
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Enhancement of the church service
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What was the cause of the middle (dark) ages?
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The fall of the Roman Empire
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Where was most of the power located?
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The church and the king
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What is the acronym for the Late middle ages?
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L: lots more people A: Architecture T: Trade E: Education |
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What was the most commonly accepted form of music in the middle ages?
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Monophonic (single line of music)
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What is a Gregorian Chant?
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Monophonic, nonmetric melodies set in a church mode
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What is syllabic rhythms?
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1 note set to each syllable of text
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What is neumatic rhythms?
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a few notes set to each syllable of text
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What are melismatic rhythms?
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Many notes set to one sylable
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What is a mass?
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A daily service with prayer- the most solemn ritual of the church
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What is the difference between the different kinds of masses?
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The mass proper: texts that vary from holiday to holiday The mass ordinary: texts that are the same every day |
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What is organum the origin of?
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Polyphony- can have two, three, or four voices singing together in rhythmic patterns
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What is a motet?
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A multitext song, usually set to an organum
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What is a church mode?
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No strong pull towards a tonic
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What is a rhythmic mode?
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Fixed pattern of long and short notes that are repeated over a sustained bottom point (pedal point)
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Who are three performing groups that did secular music?
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Troubadores, trouberes, and minstrels (jongleurs)
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What does Renaissance mean?
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Rebirth
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What is humanism?
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Focus on fulfillment on earth rather than in heaven, more focus on yourself
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Why is a'capella significant?
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Found in many important musical forms of the time (motet, madrigal)
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What is cantus firmus?
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A fixed melody, based on a chant
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What is a vernacular?
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The language of your country, in which a song is written
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What is the difference between a motet and a madrigal?
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A motet is a sacred polyphonic choral piece, and a madrigal is a secular polyphonic choral piece
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How is a chanson different from a motet and a madrigal?
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It is a French, secular polyphonic work
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Who was counter reformation established by?
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Council of Trent, because they didn't believe in renaissance ideas
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How could you describe embellishments?
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Ornaments, or decorations
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How is word painting used?
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Interpreting words through the music
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What is polychoral singing?
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Two or three choirs that sing antiphonally, or sing simultaneously, to create a variety of effects
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What is antiphonal music?
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Two semi-independent choirs singing alternate musical phrases, or potentially instrument groups
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Name three renaissance dances
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Galliard, Allemande, Rondo
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What instruments are the sackbut, shawms, and cornetto most closely related to?
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These instruments are most related to the trombone, oboe, and trumpet, respectively.
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Name four renaissance composers, and their ethnicities
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Josquin Des Prez: Belgian Giovanni Palestrina: Italian Claudio Monteverdi: Italian Orlando Gibbons: English |
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Did the status of women increase or decrease over the course of the middle ages?
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Increased- due to the glorification of the virgin Mary and being a knight saving a damsel
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What is responsorial music?
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Chants sung with an alternating soloist and chorus
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What is the difference between organum and motets?
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Organum is based on one text, motets are based on many
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Why are they called "Gregorian Chants"?
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It was Pope Gregory who codified the many songs that composed the melodies in church services (note- also known as plainsong)
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What is the general style shown by Gregorian chants?
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Conjunct, small range, gentle contours
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What are neumes?
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The ascending and descending symbols found in early Middle ages written music
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What is free rhythm?
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No sense of meter or pulse, can't find a time signature
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Who were Leonin and Perotin?
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The creators of some of the first organum (polyphonic) music
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What are the most common types of chords in Middle Ages music?
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Open chords- often voices singing harmony would be separated by the interval of a 4th or 5th
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What was the typical style of secular music in the Middle Ages?
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monophonic, with improvisation in the instrumental accompaniment
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Were secular performers of music typically noble, or poor?
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Could be either: jongleurs and jongleuresses were very poor, and almost exiles, but trouberes and troubadores, found in France, could be very rich or even royalty
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What was the typical topic of secular Middle Ages music?
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Love, unrequited or not allowed due to class differences
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What is strophic form?
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The same melody is repeated with every stanza of the poem
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Name three secular musical instruments
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Nakers- small hand drums Rebec- early violin Pipe- three holed, end blown flute |
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What is the Ars Nova?
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New art- a new musical style created at the begigning of the 14th century as a new idea after ars antiqua (old art)
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What was a significant discovery during the Renaissance?
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The New World- Christopher Columbus found North and South America
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During which era, the Middle Ages or the Renaissnace, was word painting most common?
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Renaissance- were turning towards more expressive forms of music
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What was a common theme of Renaissance music?
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Mythological creatures and gods, especially greek
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What was a common basis for sacred music in the Renaissance?
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Setting ordinary masses to new, polyphonic arrangements
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What are Haut and Bas instruments?
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Loud and soft instruments, that change depending on the setting that the music will be performed Bas is usually harp, rebec, and recorder, whereas haut uses loud wind instruments like the sacbut |
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What literary device did English composers use in their writing?
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Double entendre- double meaning, so lyrics that can mean multiple things
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