Music: Middle Ages, Renaissance, And Early Baroque

Front 1

Gregorian Chant

Back 1

Melodies used in the Roman Catholic Church

Front 2

Monophonic

Back 2

A single melodic line

Front 3

The opposite of monophonic (moniphony) is_____

Back 3

Polyphonic (polyphony)

Front 4

Liturigical music

Back 4

Church music performed during worship or a religious rite

Front 5

Strophic

Back 5

Song structure where every verse of the text is sung to the same musical tune; same as song verses

Front 6

Syllabic

Back 6

1 SYLLABLE to 1 NOTE

Front 7

Neumatic

Back 7

Patterns of one to four notes per syllable of text

Front 8

Melismatic

Back 8

Unlimited notes per syllable of text

Front 9

Second Vatican Council

Back 9

1962-1965; the Vatican announced that not only Gregorian Chants had to be used in church, other music would also work

Front 10

Recitational

Back 10

Speech like singing

Front 11

Jubilus

Back 11

a long melisma placed on the final syllable of the Alleluia. The singer sings "alleluia" without the jubilus, and then the choir repeats the word "alleluia" with the melisma added

Front 12

Trope

Back 12

Additions of new music to pre-existing chants. Three types of additions:

1. new melismas/music without text
2. addition of a new text to a pre-existing melisma/music
3. new verse or verses, consisting of both new text and new music

Front 13

Church modes

Back 13

Ionian

Dorian

Phrygian

Lydian

Mixolydian

Aeolean

Locrian

Front 14

Responsorial

Back 14

A chant or anthem recited or sung AFTER A READING in a church service.

Front 15

Organum

Back 15

The EARLIEST genre of medieval POLYPHONY; a chant with at least ONE VOICE ADDED to ENHANCE THE HARMONY.

Front 16

Notes Dame School

Back 16

Paris 1170-1200; the place where first motets were composed; a group of Parisian composers developing new compositional techniques

Front 17

Léonin

Back 17

1st known composer of POLYPHONIC ORGANUM; wrote polyphonic motets with DIFFERENT TEXT IN EACH VOICE, RHYTHMIC MODES; member of the NOTRE DAME SCHOOL

Front 18

Pérotin

Back 18

Composed POLYPHONIC ORGANUM (and STARTED 3 & 4 VOICE POLYPHONY); wrote polyphonic motets with different text in each voice, rhythmic modes; member of the Notre Dame School

Front 19

Perfect meter

Back 19

TRIPLE METER (top number divisible by 3); 9/8 was the most perfect; the number three has always been significant number in Christianity

Front 20

Cantus firmus

Back 20

ADDING POLYPHONY to a PREEXISTANT melody/chant

Front 21

Perfect intervals (perfect harmony)

Back 21

P1, P4, P5, P8; all other intervals were considered dissonant

Front 22

Ars Nova

Back 22

Book written by DE VITRY; a stylistic period in music of the 14th CENTURY in France (or all European polyphonic music of the 14th century);it means "NEW ART" or "NEW TECHNIQUE"

Front 23

Isorhythm

Back 23

A repeating patterns of rhythms and pitches, but the patterns overlap rather than correspond—for example a line of thirty consecutive notes might contain five repetitions of a six-note melody, and six repetitions of a five-note rhythm

Front 24

Machaut

Back 24

Wrote the NOTRE DAME MASS the 1ST ORDINARY OF THE MASS; most famous ARS NOVA composer; he developed the MOTET and the SECULAR SONG

Front 25

de Vitry

Back 25

Wrote ARS NOVA; wrote CHANSONS and MOTETS; developed the ISORHYTHM

Front 26

Talea

Back 26

Freely INVERTED RHYTHMIC PATTERN

Front 27

Hocket

Back 27

2 VOICES: 1 SINGS WHILE THE OTHER RESTS

Front 28

Motet 12th century

Back 28

PLAINCHANT and CANTUS FIRMUS (the religious chant melody in long notes); LATIN text; SACRED subjects

Front 29

Motet 14th century

Back 29

ISORHYTHM used; usually FRENCH text; SACRED and SECULAR subjects

Front 30

Motet 16th century

Back 30

POLYCHORAL motets (2 or more choirs of singers or instruments alternated); DA CAPO form; instrumental doubling; BASSO CONTINUO accompaniment; sometimes called the "Venetian motet"

Front 31

Renaissance

Back 31

1450-1600

Front 32

Chanson

Back 32

French secular vocal music

Front 33

Humanists

Back 33

Florence Camerata; a group of intellectuals

Front 34

Florence Camerata

Back 34

A group of intellectuals; study academy; wrote the 1ST EXPERIMENTAL OPERA "DAPHNE"; loved reading and studying GREEK DRAMA

Front 35

Word painting

Back 35

Musical illustration of the meaning of a word or phrase; the words decide what the music should do

Front 36

Madrigal

Back 36

DANCE; the main SECULAR VOICE OF THE RENAISSANCE

Front 37

Points of imitation

Back 37

Main texture of Baroque; IMITATIVE POLYPHONY

Front 38

A cappella

Back 38

Vocal music without accompaniment

Front 39

Paraphrase mass

Back 39

is a musical setting of the ORDINARY of the MASS with an elaborated version of a CANTUS FIRMUS as its base

Front 40

Canon

Back 40

Like singing in a "ROUND"; the same music at STAGGERED ENTRANCES

Front 41

Council of Trent

Back 41

1543-1563

Front 42

Pavane

Back 42

A SLOW processional dance; DUPLE METER

Front 43

Galliard

Back 43

A Renaissance court dance in TRIPLE METER

Front 44

Ground bass or basso ostinato

Back 44

Short musical phrase played REPTEDLY; "DIDO'S LAMENT"

Front 45

BAROQUE PERIOD

Back 45

1600 (creation of opera)-1750 (death of JS Bach)

Front 46

Baroque music begins to become TONAL

Back 46

Using M and m; there's a tonic (tonal center)

Front 47

"Concerti"--1587 volume by A and G Gabrieli

Back 47

ORAGNISTS at the ST. MARK'S BASILICA; placed chorus singers and instrumentalists in DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE CHURCH for GOOD ACCOUSTICS;

Front 48

G Gabrieli

Back 48

Wrote "O MAGNUM MYSTERIUM"; COMPOSER IN VENICE

Front 49

Antiphonal

Back 49

PLAINCHANT; SIMPLE MELODIC STYLE; FEW MELISMAS

Front 50

Cori spezatti

Back 50

Means "SPLIT CHOIRS"; groups of singers placed in DIFFERENT LOCATIONS of a building; created by A & G GABRIELLI

Front 51

Idiomatic writing

Back 51

Writing for specific instrunments

Front 52

Basso continuo

Back 52

set of CHORDS CONTINUOUSLY playing under a melody; harpsichord/cello/organ playing the continuo

Front 53

Recitative

Back 53

Sung imitation of speech

Front 54

Recitative secco

Back 54

"Dry" recitative, only harpsichord/(piano) accompaniment

Front 55

Accompanied recitative

Back 55

Orchestra accompanied the recitative

Front 56

Arioso

Back 56

A piece for solo voice in a style between recitative and aria

Front 57

Aria

Back 57

A vocal piece for solo singer

Front 58

"Orfeo"

Back 58

1607; the 1st successful opera; by Monteverdi

Front 59

In 1637 the 1st ________

Back 59

public opera theater opened in Venice

Front 60

Libretto

Back 60

Words to vocal music; composer's started to use word painting; Monteverdi said "text is mistress to the music"

Front 61

Costrato

Back 61

A promising young male singer who was castrated to continue to sing soprano; Ferinelli

Front 62

Stradiverius

Back 62

In 1684, Amati died and Stradivari changed his violin design to have an orange tint with a more powerful form

Front 63

Amati

Back 63

Earliest maker of violins whose instruments still survive today

Front 64

Virtuoso

Back 64

INSTRUMENTALISTS SHOWING OFF; most was IMPROVISED by the player

Front 65

Trio sonata (da chiesa and da camera)

Back 65

BAROQUE SONATA for 3 INSTRUNMENTS plus a CONTINUO (a chord instrunment)

Front 66

Suite

Back 66

A piece consisting of a series of DANCES

Front 67

Balletto

Back 67

aabb; DUPLE METER; A formalized type of PERFORMANCE DANCE or CONCERT DANCE FORM

Front 68

Corrente

Back 68

aabb; TRIPLE METER;It means RUNNING; a DANCE FAST RUNNING and JUMPING STEPS

Front 69

Rhythmically, Baroque starts using

Back 69

A strong DOWNBEAT; use of BAR LINES/MEASURES

Front 70

Figured bass or basso continuo

Back 70

Numbers under the staff; used for Baroque improvisation; played with at least 2 instrunments: 1 plays bass notes and the other improvises chords from reading the figured bass

Front 71

Baroque marks the creation of______

Back 71

Opera

Front 72

Before opera there were ______ and _________

Back 72

1. intermedios (a variety show)
2. liturgical drama (Gregorian Chant "scenes)

Front 73

Greek choruses could not use _________

Back 73

IMITATIVE POLYPHONY (or the words would be overlapping and not understandable)

Front 74

"Daphne" was the 1st opera but it's not considered the 1st opera because...

Back 74

it only used recitative (and was boring)

Front 75

Monteverdi started in _________ and composed into the__________

Back 75

1. Renaissance
2. Baroque

Front 76

Monteverdi broke "harmonic rules" because he said,

Back 76

"The text is mistress of music" (he used word painting)

Front 77

Purcell

Back 77

From England; wrote "Dido and Aeneas" (performed at an all girl's school)

Front 78

"Dido's Lament" from "Dido and Aeneas" used _______ or _______

Back 78

bass ostinato
or
ground bass

Front 79

Bass ostinato/ground bass

Back 79

Pattern in the bass line that repeats

Front 80

Name 7 dances:

Back 80

Pavane
Galliard
Corrente
Cabzona
Suite
Madrigal
Balletto