Mid-Term A&p Ch.16 The Spinal Cord & Spinal Nerves

Front 1

With spinal cord anatomy, what are the protective structures?

Back 1

Vertebral Column and Meninges Protect Spinal Cord

Front 2

With spinal cord anatomy, name the meninges?

Back 2

– Dura Mater
– Arachnoid
– Pia Mater

Front 3

Which meninges is the superficial covering and ends at the 2nd sacral level (S2)?

Back 3

Dura Mater

Front 4

Which meninges is the middle avascular covering?

Back 4

Arachnoid

Front 5

With the arachnoid meninge, what contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?

Back 5

Subarachnoid Space

Front 6

Which meninges is the deepest covering?

Back 6

Pia Mater

Front 7

With the Pia mater meninges, what are triangular – shaped Pia mater extensions that anchor cord laterally?

Back 7

Denticulate Ligaments

Front 8

With gray matter, this is groups of cell bodies in the CNS?

Back 8

Nuclei

Front 9

Gray matter is subdivided into horns?

Back 9

– Posterior
– Anterior
– Lateral

Front 10

With gray matter, which horn contains sensory axon and nuclei?

Back 10

Posterior

Front 11

With gray matter, which horn contains somatic motor nuclei and control skeletal muscles?

Back 11

Anterior

Front 12

With gray matter, which horn contain autonomic nuclei and controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands?

Back 12

Lateral

Front 13

With gray matter, which horn is located in the thoracic and upper lumbar cord regions?

Back 13

Lateral

Front 14

In the columns of white matter, this is bundles of axons in the CNS?

Back 14

Tracts

Front 15

Which type of tracts conduct impulses to brain?

Back 15

Sensory (ascending)

Front 16

Which type of tracts conduct impulses from the brain?

Back 16

Motor (descending)

Front 17

How many and what type of spinal nerves are in the PNS?

Back 17

31 pairs of mixed (sensory and motor nerves)

Front 18

With the 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS, how many pairs are in the cervical and where are they located?

Back 18

– 8 Pairs
– C1 – C8

Front 19

With the 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS, how many pairs are in the thoracic and where are they located?

Back 19

– 12 Pairs
– T1 – T 12

Front 20

With the 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS, how many pairs are in the lumbar and where are they located?

Back 20

– 5 Pairs
– L1 – L5

Front 21

With the 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS, how many pairs are in the sacral and where they located?

Back 21

– 5 Pairs
– S1 – S5

Front 22

With the 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS, how many pairs are in the coccygeal and where are they located?

Back 22

– 1Pair
– Co1

Front 23

These connect spinal nerves to the cord?

Back 23

Roots

Front 24

What are the 2 types of roots?

Back 24

– Posterior (dorsal) Root
– Anterior (ventral) Root

Front 25

Which type of root contains sensory neurons to the CNS and controls sensations?

Back 25

Posterior (dorsal) Root

Front 26

Which type of root contains motor neurons from CNS and controls movements?

Back 26

Anterior (ventral) Root

Front 27

Roots enter _____ and exit _____?

Back 27

– Posterior
– Anterior

Front 28

With spinal nerve coverings this is the outermost covering and surrounds entire nerve?

Back 28

Epineurium

Front 29

With spinal nerves coverings, this is the middle covering and surrounds axon bundles (fascicles)?

Back 29

Perineurium

Front 30

With spinal nerve coverings, this is the innermost covering, and surrounds individual axons?

Back 30

Endoneurium

Front 31

Spinal nerve branches are called?

Back 31

Rami

Front 32

2 types of rami?

Back 32

– Posterior (dorsal) Ramus
– Anterior (ventral) Ramus

Front 33

Within the spinal nerve branches, these are formed by anterior rami of all spinal nerves except T-2 – T 12 (intercostal nerves)?

Back 33

Plexuses

Front 34

Within the cervical plexus, what nerve innervates the diaphragm and is formed by C3, C4, and C5?

Back 34

Phrenic Nerve

Front 35

Which nerve injury has damage to the common peroneal (fibular) portion and results in footdrop the inability to dorsiflex?

Back 35

Sciatic Nerve Injury (sciatica)

Front 36

Area of skin that provides sensory input to CNS via spinal nerves or trigeminal nerve is called?

Back 36

Dermatome

Front 37

All spinal nerves are assigned to a dermatome except?

Back 37

C1

Front 38

With sensory and motor tracts, white matter contains?

Back 38

Both Sensory and Motor Tracts

Front 39

The name of the tract indicates?

Back 39

Location in White Matter, Where It Begins and Ends

Front 40

These monitor muscle length changes?

Back 40

Muscle Spindles

Front 41

These monitor excessive tension in tendons?

Back 41

Tendon Organs

Front 42

A reflex arc includes what 5 functional components?

Back 42

– Sensory Receptor
– Sensory Neuron
– Integrating (processing) Center
– Motor Neuron
– Effector

Front 43

Which of the 5 functional components of a reflex arc response to stimulus?

Back 43

Sensory Receptor

Front 44

Which of the 5 functional components of a reflex arc carries impulses to the CNS?

Back 44

Sensory Neuron

Front 45

Which of the 5 functional components of a reflex arc is the processing center?

Back 45

Integrating Center

Front 46

What are the 2 reflex types in the integrating center?

Back 46

– Monosynaptic Reflex
– Polysynaptic Reflex

Front 47

With the integrating center, the monosynaptic reflex has _____ CNS synapse?

Back 47

1

Front 48

With the integrating center, the polysynaptic reflex has _____ CNS synapse?

Back 48

More than 1

Front 49

Which of the 5 functional components of a reflex arc carries impulse from the CNS?

Back 49

Motor Neuron

Front 50

Which of the 5 functional components of a reflex arc has skeletal muscle (somatic) or smooth, cardiac muscle, or glands (autonomic/visceral)?

Back 50

Effectors

Front 51

What type of synaptic reflex does the stretch reflex have?

Back 51

Monosynaptic Reflex

Front 52

The tendon reflex causes muscle _____ to relieve muscle tension?

Back 52

Relaxation

Front 53

What type of synaptic reflex does the tendon reflex have?

Back 53

Polysynaptic Reflex (> 1 CNS synapse)

Front 54

Flexor (withdrawal) reflex initiates _____ _____ reflex at the same time causing _____ of opposite limb?

Back 54

– Crossed Extensor
– Extension

Front 55

Is the crossed extensor reflex ipsilateral or contralateral?

Back 55

Contralateral (impulse inners and exits on opposite sides of the spinal cord)