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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
With spinal cord anatomy, what are the protective structures?
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Vertebral Column and Meninges Protect Spinal Cord
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With spinal cord anatomy, name the meninges?
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– Dura Mater
– Arachnoid – Pia Mater |
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Which meninges is the superficial covering and ends at the 2nd sacral level (S2)?
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Dura Mater
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Which meninges is the middle avascular covering?
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Arachnoid
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With the arachnoid meninge, what contains cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)?
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Subarachnoid Space
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Which meninges is the deepest covering?
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Pia Mater
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With the Pia mater meninges, what are triangular – shaped Pia mater extensions that anchor cord laterally?
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Denticulate Ligaments
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With gray matter, this is groups of cell bodies in the CNS?
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Nuclei
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Gray matter is subdivided into horns?
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– Posterior
– Anterior – Lateral |
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With gray matter, which horn contains sensory axon and nuclei?
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Posterior
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With gray matter, which horn contains somatic motor nuclei and control skeletal muscles?
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Anterior
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With gray matter, which horn contain autonomic nuclei and controls smooth muscle, cardiac muscle and glands?
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Lateral
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With gray matter, which horn is located in the thoracic and upper lumbar cord regions?
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Lateral
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In the columns of white matter, this is bundles of axons in the CNS?
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Tracts
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Which type of tracts conduct impulses to brain?
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Sensory (ascending)
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Which type of tracts conduct impulses from the brain?
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Motor (descending)
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How many and what type of spinal nerves are in the PNS?
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31 pairs of mixed (sensory and motor nerves)
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With the 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS, how many pairs are in the cervical and where are they located?
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– 8 Pairs
– C1 – C8 |
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With the 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS, how many pairs are in the thoracic and where are they located?
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– 12 Pairs
– T1 – T 12 |
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With the 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS, how many pairs are in the lumbar and where are they located?
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– 5 Pairs
– L1 – L5 |
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With the 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS, how many pairs are in the sacral and where they located?
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– 5 Pairs
– S1 – S5 |
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With the 31 pairs of spinal nerves in the PNS, how many pairs are in the coccygeal and where are they located?
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– 1Pair
– Co1 |
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These connect spinal nerves to the cord?
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Roots
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What are the 2 types of roots?
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– Posterior (dorsal) Root
– Anterior (ventral) Root |
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Which type of root contains sensory neurons to the CNS and controls sensations?
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Posterior (dorsal) Root
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Which type of root contains motor neurons from CNS and controls movements?
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Anterior (ventral) Root
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Roots enter _____ and exit _____?
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– Posterior
– Anterior |
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With spinal nerve coverings this is the outermost covering and surrounds entire nerve?
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Epineurium
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With spinal nerves coverings, this is the middle covering and surrounds axon bundles (fascicles)?
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Perineurium
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With spinal nerve coverings, this is the innermost covering, and surrounds individual axons?
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Endoneurium
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Spinal nerve branches are called?
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Rami
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2 types of rami?
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– Posterior (dorsal) Ramus
– Anterior (ventral) Ramus |
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Within the spinal nerve branches, these are formed by anterior rami of all spinal nerves except T-2 – T 12 (intercostal nerves)?
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Plexuses
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Within the cervical plexus, what nerve innervates the diaphragm and is formed by C3, C4, and C5?
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Phrenic Nerve
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Which nerve injury has damage to the common peroneal (fibular) portion and results in footdrop the inability to dorsiflex?
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Sciatic Nerve Injury (sciatica)
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Area of skin that provides sensory input to CNS via spinal nerves or trigeminal nerve is called?
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Dermatome
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All spinal nerves are assigned to a dermatome except?
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C1
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With sensory and motor tracts, white matter contains?
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Both Sensory and Motor Tracts
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The name of the tract indicates?
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Location in White Matter, Where It Begins and Ends
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These monitor muscle length changes?
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Muscle Spindles
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These monitor excessive tension in tendons?
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Tendon Organs
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A reflex arc includes what 5 functional components?
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– Sensory Receptor
– Sensory Neuron – Integrating (processing) Center – Motor Neuron – Effector |
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Which of the 5 functional components of a reflex arc response to stimulus?
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Sensory Receptor
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Which of the 5 functional components of a reflex arc carries impulses to the CNS?
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Sensory Neuron
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Which of the 5 functional components of a reflex arc is the processing center?
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Integrating Center
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What are the 2 reflex types in the integrating center?
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– Monosynaptic Reflex
– Polysynaptic Reflex |
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With the integrating center, the monosynaptic reflex has _____ CNS synapse?
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1
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With the integrating center, the polysynaptic reflex has _____ CNS synapse?
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More than 1
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Which of the 5 functional components of a reflex arc carries impulse from the CNS?
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Motor Neuron
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Which of the 5 functional components of a reflex arc has skeletal muscle (somatic) or smooth, cardiac muscle, or glands (autonomic/visceral)?
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Effectors
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What type of synaptic reflex does the stretch reflex have?
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Monosynaptic Reflex
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The tendon reflex causes muscle _____ to relieve muscle tension?
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Relaxation
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What type of synaptic reflex does the tendon reflex have?
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Polysynaptic Reflex (> 1 CNS synapse)
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Flexor (withdrawal) reflex initiates _____ _____ reflex at the same time causing _____ of opposite limb?
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– Crossed Extensor
– Extension |
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Is the crossed extensor reflex ipsilateral or contralateral?
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Contralateral (impulse inners and exits on opposite sides of the spinal cord)
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