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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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DNA |
The central molecule of genetics
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Genetics |
The science that studies the inheritance of biological characteristics by living things |
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Genome |
The sum total of genetic material carried within a cell |
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Chromosome |
A discrete cellular structure composed of a neatly packaged DNA molecule |
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Gene |
The specific segment of DNA that contains the necessary codes to make a protein or RNA molecule
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Genotype |
Sum of all agents constituting organism's distinctive genetic makeup |
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Phenotype |
Expression of the genotype |
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Nucleotide |
Basic unit of DNA structure
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Purines |
Adenine and Guanine |
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Pyrimidines |
Thyamine/Uracil and Cytosine |
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Helicase |
Unzipping DNA |
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Primase |
Synthesizing DNA |
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DNA Polymerase lll |
Proofreading DNA |
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DNA Polmerase l |
Replacing DNA gaps, repairing mismatched bases |
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Ligase |
Final binding |
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Gyrase |
Supercoiling |
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Transcription |
DNA --> RNA |
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Translation |
RNA --> Protein |
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Conjugation |
2 Cells Attach by a sex pilus |
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Transformation |
"Naked" DNA picked-up |
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Transduction |
DNA transfer through virus |
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-cidal |
To kill |
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-static |
To stand still |
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Decontamination |
Destruction, removal, or reduction in # |
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Sepsis |
Growth of microorganisms in the tissue |
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Asepsis |
Prevention of microorganisms into sterile tissue |
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Antiseptic |
Destroy or inhibit vegetative pathogens |
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Disinfection |
Destruction of vegetative pathogens on inanimate objects |
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Sanitization |
Removes microorganisms and debris from inanimate objects |
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Degermation |
Removes microorganisms and debris from living tissue |
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Sterilization
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Removal or destruction of all viable microbes |
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Halogens |
Microbicidal e.g.: Chlorine & Iodine |
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Phenolics & Chlorhexidine |
Strong Microbicidal e.g: Triclosan & Hibiclens
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Alcohols |
Disrupt cell surface tension e.g: Isopropl Alcohol |
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Oxidizing Agents |
Superoxide radical, highy toxic and reactive to cells e.g: Hydrogen Peroxide |
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Aldehydes |
Sterilant, Disrupts activity of enzymes, e.g: Glutaraldehyde |
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Penicillins "cillin" |
Cell wall damage & lysis, Betalactam, Sensitive to Penicillinase, Mold |
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Cephalosporins "cef", "ceph", "kef" |
Cell wall damage & lysis, Betalactam, Mold, 2 Variable R factors, Resistant to most Penicillinases |
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Carbepenems (CRE) "penem" |
Betalactam, Broad/narrow spectrum, Greater resistance to beta-lactamases |
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Isoniazid (INH) |
Non-Betalactam, Cell wall damage and lysis, TB |
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Vancomyocin |
Non-Betalactam, Cell wall damage and lysis, Narrow Spectrum, MRSA |
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Bacitracin |
Non-Betalactam, Mostly topical form, Cell wall damage and lysis, Narrow spectrum, Superficial strep and staph infections, Neosporin |
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Polymixin |
Cell Membrane, Causes loss of selective permeability, Toxic to kidneys |
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Pyrazinamide |
Cell Membrane, Breakdown lipids, Change permeability
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Quinolones |
DNA & RNA, Inhibit gyrase, broad spectrum |
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Rifampin |
DNA & RNA, Inhibit RNA Polymerase, Prevents transcription, TB & Leprosy |
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Tetracycline |
Prevents Protein Synthesis, Wipes out EVERYTHING!, kills normal flora, Stains teeth, Interferes with fetal bone development |
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Erythromycin |
Blocks Peptide Bond, Moderate to broad, Substitute for penicillin alergies,
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Aminoglcoside |
Inhibit Protein Synthesis, Broad spectrum |
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Chlorophenicol |
Prevents Peptide Bond, Causes APLASTIC anemia |
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Sulfonamide/Trimethoprim |
Blocks Metabolic Pathways, Better taken together, AIDS |
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Amphotercin B |
Most used Anti-fungal |
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Major Roles of Anti-Viral Drugs |
Prevent Penetration Block Replication Prevent Maturation |
