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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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genetics is the study of
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heredity
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genetics involve transmission of biological traits from ____ to ____
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parent - offspring
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genetics involve the structure & function of ____ ____
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genetic material
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genetics involve how the ____ changes
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material
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4 levels of genetic study
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organism level - cell level - chromosome (eukaryote) level - molecular level
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what makes the primers
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DNA
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process from DNA to RNA
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transcription
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what are the 4 protein structures
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primary - secondary - tertiary - quaternary
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transcription is the synthesis of a ____ copy of a segment of ____
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RNA - DNA
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process from RNA to Protein
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translation
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____ is the sum total of genetic material of an organism
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genome
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4 examples of genomes
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chromosomes + mitochondria - chloroplasts + plasmids
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genome of cells =
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DNA
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genome of viruses =
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RNA
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____ is a packaged length of DNA containing genes
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chromosome
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____ is a unit of inheritance responsible for a given trait
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gene
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gene is a segment that contains necessary code to make ____ or ____ molecules
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RNA - protein
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____ is all the genes present in an organism encoding potential characteristics
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genotype
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____ is the result of the genes being expressed
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phenotype
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phenotype is the translation of ____ & ____ of the organism
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genes - appearance
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nucleic acids are made of ____
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nucleotides
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proteins are made of ____ ____
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amino acids
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each nucleotide consists of what 3 parts
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a 5-carbon sugar (dexoyribose or ribose) - a phosphate group - a nitrogenous base
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5 examples of nitrogenous base
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GCATU
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DNA structure is a ____ helix
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double
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DNA structure has a ____-____ backbone
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sugar-phosphate
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in DNA structure, nitrogenous bases have ____ bonds to form steps in a ladder
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hydrogen
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A always binds to ____ with ____ hydrogen bonds
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T - 2
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G always binds to ____ with ____ hydrogen bonds
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C - 3
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strands 3' to 5' & 5' to 3' means it is ____
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anti-parallel
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each dna strand provide a ____ for the exact copying of a new strand
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template
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order of ____ constitutes the dna code
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bases
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which are the purines (GCAT PUPY PUPY)
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G - A
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which are the pyrimidines (GCAT PUPY PUPY)
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C - T
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