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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The scientific study of heredity is called ______.
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Genetics
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______ used purebred pea plants in a series of experiments to understand inheritance.
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Gregor Mendel
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Normally, ______ from the male part of the pea flower fertilizes the female ______ of the same flower. This is called ______.
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pollen, egg cells, self-pollination
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Seeds that come from self-pollination inherit all their characteristics from just one ______.
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parent
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To carry out his experiments, Mendel had to prevent _______.
He did this by cutting away the pollen-bearing ______ parts and then dusting pollen from another plant on the flower. This process is called ______. |
self-pollination, male, cross-pollination
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The seeds that come from cross-pollination are the ______ of two different parents.
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offspring
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Mendel decided to study just a few _____, or ______, of the pea plants.
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traits, characteristics
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Mendel studied seven traits: seed _____, seed _____, seed ____, pod _____, pod _____, flower ______, and plant ______.
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(1)seed shape, (2)seed color, (3)seed coat color, (4)pod shape, (5)pod color, (6)flower position, (7)plant height
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First, Mendel crossed two plants with different characteristics, or forms, for the same ____. For example, one plant was _____ and the other was _____. Mendel used the seeds produced by this cross to grow _____ which were called _____.
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trait, tall, short, plants
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_____ are the offspring of crosses between parents with different traits.
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Hybrids
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To Mendel's surprise, the hybrid plant looked like one ____ of the parents.
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one
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Mendel concluded that each trait was controlled by one ____ that occurred in two different forms.
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gene
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The different forms of a gene are called _____.
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alleles
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Mendel formed the theory of _____.
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dominance
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Gregor concluded that some alleles are _____, while others are _____.
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dominant, recessive
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Whenever a living thing inherits a dominant allele, that trait is _____.
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visible
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The effects of a _____ allele are not seen if the dominant allele is present.
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recessive
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Mendel wanted to know what happened to the _____ allele.
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recessive
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The alleles responsible for the recessive characteristics had not _____.
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disappeared
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Before, the dominant allele had _____ the recessive allele, so it was not visible.
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masked
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Gregor concluded that the alleles fror the same ____ can be separated. He called this ____.
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trait, segregation
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Alleles segregate when _____ are formed.
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gametes
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Each gamete carries only one copy of each _____.
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gene
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Mendel used the principles of _____ to explain his results.
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probability
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_____ is the likelihood that a particular event will occur.
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Probability
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Probabilty can be used to predict the outcome of genetic crosses because alleles segregate _____.
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randomly
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The gene combinations that might result from a genetic cross can be determined by drawing a _____.
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Punnett square
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In a Punnett square, alleles are represented by _____.
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letters
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A capital letter represents the _____ allele, and a lowercase letter represents the _____ allele.
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dominant, recessive
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Organisms that have two indentical alleles for a particular trait are called _____.
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homozygous
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Homozygous organisms are _____ for a particular trait.
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true breeding
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Organisms that have two different alleles for a particular trait are called _____.
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heterozygous
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Pea flowers have both _____ and _____ parts.
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male and female
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Mendel allowed his hybrid plants to _____. Some of the plants that were produced showed the _____ trait.
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self-pollinate, recessive
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