Microbiology Test #3

Front 1

Antibody

Back 1

A protein produced by the body in response to an antigen and capable of combining specifically with that antigen

Front 2

Antibiotic

Back 2

Microbial metabolic product with antimicrobial activity

Front 3

Hypersensitivity

Back 3

Immunity response to environmental antigens (allergies)

Front 4

Synergy

Back 4

The principle whereby the effectiveness of two drugs used simultaneously is greater than that of either drug used along

Front 5

HAART

Back 5

Drug cocktail, combination of protease inhibitors taken with reverse transcriptase inhibitors. Used in treating HIV or AIDs

Front 6

Allograft

Back 6

Use of tissue from another person

Front 7

Allergen

Back 7

Environmental antigens that evokes a hypersensitivity response

Front 8

Chemotherapy

Back 8

Use of drugs to treat disease

Front 9

Haptene

Back 9

Chemicals too small to be antigenic by themselves but stimulate immune response if attached to larger molecules (proteins)

Front 10

Autoimmunity

Back 10

Immune response to self proteins. Lose of self tolerance

Front 11

Secroconversion

Back 11

Going from negative to positive on a serological test (can take up of 3 months)

Front 12

Variolation

Back 12

Vaccination acquired through live infectious viruses

Front 13

Selective Toxicity

Back 13

The property of some antimicrobial agents to be toxic for a microorganism and nontoxic for the host

Front 14

Broad Spectrum

Back 14

An antibiotic that is effective against a wide range of both gram positive and gram negitive

Front 15

Plasma Cell

Back 15

Cells that release antibodies into the bloodstream to seek out free roaming antigens

Front 16

Epitope

Back 16

Sequence of amino acids within a protein recognized as foreign

Front 17

Results of Antigen-Antibody Binding

Back 17

1) Agglutination
2) Opsonization
3) Activation of complement
4) Antibody-dependent cell-mediated Cytotoxicity
5) Neutralization

Front 18

Agglutination

Back 18

reduces number of infectious units to be dealt with

Front 19

Opsonization

Back 19

Coating antigen with antibody enhances phagocytosis

Front 20

Activation of complement

Back 20

Causes inflammation and cell lysis

Front 21

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated Cytotoxicity

Back 21

Antibodies attached to target cell cause destruction by Marcophages, Eosinophils, and NK cells

Front 22

Neutralization

Back 22

adhesions of bacteria and viruses to mucosa

Front 23

Naturally Acquired Active Immunity

Back 23

Antigens enter the body naturally; body induces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes. An example would be vaccination.

Front 24

Naturally Acquired Passive Immunity

Back 24

Antibodies pass from mother to fetus via placenta or to infant via mother’s milk.

Front 25

Artificially Acquired Active Immunity

Back 25

Antigens are introduced in vaccines; body produces antibodies and specialized lymphocytes

Front 26

Artificially Acquired Passive Immunity

Back 26

Preformed antibodies in immune serum are introduced by injection

Front 27

Specific autoimmune disease and their mediators-Type II

Back 27

IgG antibody against cell surface, matrix antigen, or receptor

Front 28

Specific autoimmune disease and their mediators-Type III (Immune Complex disease)

Back 28

IgG and soluble antigen

Front 29

Specific autoimmune disease and their mediators-Type IV (T-cell mediated disease)

Back 29

Tc and T inflammatory cells

Front 30

Hypersensitivities and their mediators-Type I Ige (Classic, Anaphylactic or Immediate)

Back 30

Mast Cells versus environmental antigens (allergens) and Ige

Front 31

Hypersensitivities and their mediators-Type II (Cytotoxic)

Back 31

IgG, IgM, and complement versus cell surface antigen

Front 32

Hypersensitivities and their mediators-Type III (Immune Complex)

Back 32

IgG, IgM, versus cell surface antigen

Front 33

Hypersensitivities and their mediators-Type IV (Cell Mediated)

Back 33

Tc and Th1 response to an antigen

Front 34

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Penicillins

Back 34

Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis

Front 35

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Fluoroquinolones

Back 35

Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis (or inhibits DNA gyrase)

Front 36

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Sulfonamides

Back 36

Competitive Inhibitors

Front 37

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Aminoglycosides

Back 37

Inhibits Protein Synthesis

Front 38

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Polymyxins

Back 38

Injury to the Plasma Membrane

Front 39

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Cephalosporins

Back 39

Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis

Front 40

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Bactracin

Back 40

Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis

Front 41

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Vancomycin

Back 41

Inhibit Cell Wall Synthesis

Front 42

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Neomycin

Back 42

Inhibits Protein Synthesis

Front 43

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Gentamycin

Back 43

Inhibits Protein Synthesis

Front 44

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Amikacin

Back 44

Inhibits Protein Synthesis

Front 45

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Tobramycin

Back 45

Inhibits Protein Synthesis

Front 46

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Chloramphenicol

Back 46

Inhibits Protein Synthesis

Front 47

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Tetracyclines

Back 47

Inhibits Protein Synthesis

Front 48

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-

Back 48

Inhibits Protein Synthesis

Front 49

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Rifamycin

Back 49

Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis

Front 50

Chemotheraputic agents and mechanisms action-Quinolones

Back 50

Inhibit Nucleic Acid Synthesis

Front 51

True or False, B cells encounter antigen in the primary lymph glands the thymus and bone marrow.

Back 51

False because B cells which derive from stem cells go to the bone marrow and become B cells and migrate to the lymph.
T cells are the ones that go from the Stem cells to the thymus then to the lymph glands.
So B cells never go through the thymus.

Front 52

True or False, Plasma cells from a single B cell clone can secrete antibody specific for different antigens

Back 52

True because B cells proliferate into antibody producing plasma cells, these plasma cells secrete antibodies into circulation. Antigens in circulation now attached to circulating antibodies

Front 53

True or False, Mast Cells are found in the spleen

Back 53

False because M cells facilitate contact between antigens passing through the intestinal tract and cells of the body’s immune system

Front 54

True or False, Albumins are serum proteins made by the small intestine

Back 54

False made in the liver

Front 55

True or False, Inactivated vaccines stimulate both AMI and CMI

Back 55

False because only infectious live virus stimulate both AMI and CMI

Front 56

True or False,The agglutination reaction can be used to identify either an antigen or an antibody

Back 56

True because they do ID

Front 57

True or False, No hemolysis in a complement fixation test is a negative result

Back 57

False because No hemolysis in a complement is fixed by the antigen-antibody reaction; no hemolysis occurs, so the presence of antibodies

Front 58

MHC II molecules are present

Back 58

Extracellular antigen to CD4 T cells (chapter 17)

Front 59

Which of the follow is not involved in the destruction of a virus infected cell?

Back 59

Antibody (chapter 17)

Front 60

The poliovirus vaccine may contain

Back 60

Infectious or inactivated virus (chapter 18)
wild type (virulent) strain…must be killed (inactivated if virus) or attenuated (weakened) strain….is usually live (infectious if virus)

Front 61

Incitants are chemical associated with

Back 61

contact dermatitis (chapter 19)
incitants absorbed into the skin act as haptenes

Front 62

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is due to a maternal immune response against

Back 62

fetal Rh factor (chapter 19)

Front 63

Immune complex reactions occur under which of the follow conditions

Back 63

High antigen load (chapter 19)

Front 64

Antagonist antibody against a cell surface receptor is associated with

Back 64

Myasthenia gravis (chapter 19)

Front 65

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by

Back 65

selective destruction of Pancreatic B-cells (chapter 19)

Front 66

Acute rejection of transplant is due to

Back 66

T cell response to MHC differences (chapter 19)

Front 67

Graft verses host disease is associated with

Back 67

bone marrow transplants (chapter 19)

Front 68

Most antibiotics are produced by

Back 68

Actinomycetes/Streptomyces (chapter 20)

Front 69

Broad Specrum antibiotic but sensitive to penicillinase

Back 69

ampicillin (chapter 20)
it is a semi synthetic penicillin

Front 70

Methicilin resistant Staphylococcus aureus

Back 70

a) produce penicillinase
b) have mutated penicillin binding proteins
c) cause 250,0000 nosocomial infections per year
d) are resistant to B lactam antibiotics

Front 71

This antibiotic binds to 50S ribosomal subunit and inhibits formation of the peptide bond

Back 71

chloramphenicol (chapter 20)

Front 72

Which of the following antibiotics is not found in Neosporin

Back 72

vanomycin (chapter 20)

Front 73

This chemotherapeutic agent presents the synthesis of vitamin folic acid

Back 73

sulfonamide (chapter 20)

Front 74

The professional APC in an AMI response to a bacterial infection

Back 74

macrophage (chapter 21)
because it ingest a microorganism

Front 75

The idiotype of an antibody is determined by the amino acid sequence in the

Back 75

variable region of the heavy and light chain (chapter 17)
These bind to the epitopes. The amino acid sequence and, therefore, the three-dimensional structure of these two variable regions are identical on any one antibody

Front 76

The idiotype of an antibody determines whether or not the antibody may

Back 76

attach to a specific epitope (chapter 17)

Front 77

The ability of antibody to access different body compartments is due to the amino acid sequence in the

Back 77

constant region of the heavy chain (chapter 17)

Front 78

Which of the following statements is false

Back 78

plasma cells from a single B cell clone can secrete antibody specific for different antigens

Front 79

T inflammatory cells are a specific defense against

Back 79

intracellular bacteria (chapter 19)

Front 80

Viral epitopes on the surface of virus-infected cells are displayed in association with

Back 80

MHC I (chapter 17)

Front 81

All of the following play a role in the destruction of virus-infected cells except

Back 81

Antibody (chaper 17)

Front 82

Which of following cellular responses will lead to the destruction of large parasites

Back 82

antibody dependent cell mediated cytotoxicity (chapter 17)

Front 83

All of the following are second generation (subunit) vaccines except

Back 83

measles, mumps, and rubella (chapter 18)
mmr is an infectious virus not a vaccine

Front 84

The D in DTaP is for diphtheria

Back 84

toxoid (chapter 18)
Purified diphtheria toxoid

Front 85

A first generation vaccine contains a (an)

Back 85

infectious or inactivated virus (chapter 18)

Front 86

The viral hemagglutination test is used to test for the presence of

Back 86

virus (chapter 18)
that agguilate RBC

Front 87

An example of a recombinant vaccine

Back 87

Hepatitis B (chapter 18)
Genes inserted in diploid cell line, safe compared to inactivated virus from patient serum

Front 88

An atopy would be a hereditary predisposition to develop a hypersensitivity to which of the following

Back 88

peanuts (chapter 19)

Front 89

Incitants are chemicals associated with

Back 89

contact dermatitis

Front 90

Which of the following would be classified as an incitant

Back 90

gold (chapter 19)

Front 91

Hemolytic disease of the newborn is due to a maternal immune response against

Back 91

fetal Rh factor

Front 92

Immune complex reactions occur under which of the following conditions

Back 92

high antigen load

Front 93

Which of the following mediators is not associated with any autoimmune disease

Back 93

IgE (chapter 19)

Front 94

The “trigger” antigen in acute rheumatic fever is

Back 94

streptococcal wall antigen (chapter 23)

Front 95

Antagonist antibody against a cell surface receptor is associated with

Back 95

myasthenia gravis (chapter 19)

Front 96

Rheumatoid arthritis starts as a Type ___ and progresses to a Type ___ hypersensitivity

Back 96

3,4

Front 97

A hypersensitivity to myelin basic protein associated with long axons

Back 97

multiple sclerosis (chapter 19)

Front 98

Insulin dependent diabetes mellitus is characterized by

Back 98

selective destruction of pancreatic B-cells (chapter 19)

Front 99

An individual may inherit as many as ___ different Class I MHC molecules from each parent

Back 99

six (chapter 16)

Front 100

MHC II molecules present

Back 100

extracellular antigen to CD4 T cells

Front 101

The absence of both T and B cells

Back 101

Adenosine deaminase deficiency (chapter 19)
SDIC

Front 102

DiGeorge syndrome is characterized by

Back 102

absence of a thymus (chapter 19)

Front 103

Acute rejection of a transplant is due to

Back 103

T cell response to MHC differences (chapter 19)

Front 104

Graft verses host disease is associated with

Back 104

bone marrow transplants (chapter 19)

Front 105

The definition of a narrow spectrum antibiotic

Back 105

Kills all gram positive bacteria (chapter 20)

Front 106

Most antibiotics are produces by

Back 106

Streptomyces (chapter 20)

Front 107

Term for any foreign substance that causes AMI or CMI response

Back 107

Antigen

Front 108

Activated B cells develop into antibody secreting cells called ___ cells

Back 108

Plasma

Front 109

This antigen presenting cell processes and presents proteins from viruses

Back 109

Dendritic

Front 110

Sequence of amino acid within a protein recognized as foreign

Back 110

Epitope

Front 111

Term for the inoculation of cowpox into the skin

Back 111

Vaccination

Front 112

Loss of self tolerance results in ___disease

Back 112

Autoimmune

Front 113

Chemicals too small to be antigenic by themselves but stimulate immune responses if attached to larger molecules

Back 113

Haptens

Front 114

Antagonist antibody inhibit and ___ antibody stimulate

Back 114

Agonist

Front 115

Term for any immune deficiency due to a defective or missing gene

Back 115

Congenital

Front 116

The use of drugs to treat disease

Back 116

Chemotherapy

Front 117

The effects/benefits of using two or more drugs together to combat infection

Back 117

1) You can you a lower dosage and get a greater kill
2) less drug toxicity

Front 118

Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity is a specific defense against what?

Back 118

Large Parasites

Front 119

An atopy would be a hereditary predisposition to develop a hypersensitivity to whivh of the follow?

Back 119

Wasp Venoms

Front 120

What are the Mediators for Multiple Sclerosis?

Back 120

Tc and Ti Cells

Front 121

What are the mediators for Syatemic lupus erthematosis?

Back 121

IgG/Complement and soluble antigen

Front 122

The Abscence of Antibodies?

Back 122

Burton's Agammaglobinemia

Front 123

Narrow spectrum antibiotics cannot penetrate ____ in Gra negative cells

Back 123

Outer Membrane

Front 124

This Antibiotic changes shape of of the 30S ribsomal subunit and causes the messanger RNA code to be read incorrectly?

Back 124

Streptomycin

Front 125

What does HARRT stand for?

Back 125

High Antibiotic Retrovirus Reverse Transcriptase