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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Which intestinal protozoa cause bloody diarrhea
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Entamoeba hystolytica
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Bulls-eye shaped nucleus
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Life cycle of entamoeba hystolytica
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(1) Human eats mature cysts
(2) Cyst --> trophozoite in intestine (3a) Trophozoite --> precyst --> mature cyst --> excreted and then eaten (3b) Trophozoite invade mucosa (which can be ID'd by RBC in trophozoite) --> enters portal circulation --> form abscess in liver and eventually abscess in lungs |
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Tx for Entamoeba hystolytica
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Metronidazole
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MOA: reductive bioactivation of its nitro group by ferredoxin (present in anaerobic parasites) to form reactive cytotoxic products.
AE: disulfram-like reaction; metallic taste; potentiation of warfarin |
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Which intestinal protozoa cause non-bloody diarrhea
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Giardia
Cyclospora |
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Which intestinal protozoa cause severe diarrhea in immunocompromised pts
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Cryptosporidium
Isospora belli |
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Flagellated trophozoites
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Giardia
Trichomonas vaginalis |
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Presentation:
-Foul smelling greasy diarrhea |
Giardia
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-Fecal-oral transmission
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Tx for Giardia
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Metronidazole
Tinidazole Nitazoxanide |
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Presentation:
-Immunocompromised pt -Watery diarrhea + N&V -Ate strawberries and raspberries |
Cyclospora
Often contracted from stool contaminates on fruits and vegetables. |
-Fecal-oral transmission
-Stool oocytes fluoresce under UV light |
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Tx for Cyclospora
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TMP/SMX
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Presentation:
-Watery diarrhea, abdominal pain, vomiting (life-threatening in immunocompromised pts) |
Cryptosporidium
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-Oocyte has 4 sporozoites
-Obligate intracellular parasite |
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Tx for Cryptosporidium
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Only treat when persistent
(1) In immunocompotent, tx with nitazoxinidie (2) In immunocompromised tx by trying to get immune system back together (i.e. antiretrovirals), if still persistent try nitazoxanide or paromycine with or without azithromycin |
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Presentation:
-Severe diarrhea in AIDS patient -Eosinophilia |
Isospora
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-Oocyte has 8 sporozoites
-Obligate intracellular parasite -Acid-fast and fluorescent oocytes in pt stool |
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Tx for Isospora
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TMP-SMX
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3 causes of protazoal meningoencephalitis
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Negleria fowleri
Acanthamoeba Balamuthia mandrillaris |
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Presentation:
-Acute meningitis of a swimmer -fatal within a week |
Negleria fowleri
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Motile Amoeba seen in CSF, no oocytes
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Presentation:
-Chronic meningoencephalitis in immunocompromised pt -Corneal infection |
Acathamoeba
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Cysts and mature amoebas found in brain tissue
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Presentation:
-Chronic meningoencephalitis in immunocompotent pt -Granulomatous skin lesions |
Balamuthia mandrillaris
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Cysts and mature amoebas found in brain tissue
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