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83 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define Microbiology
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The study of microbes
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What is a fungus that causes a cutaneous mycoses?
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A dermatophyte
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What is the communicability of a cutaneous mycoses?
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Communicable from animal to person and from person to person
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Name an example of a cutaneous infection that is communicable from dog to child
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Ring worm
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What is the common name for Tinea pedis?
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Athlete’s foot
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Where does superficial mycoses occur on the body?
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On the shaft of hair
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Define Opportunistic mycoses
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Fungal infection caused by normal flora
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Give an example of opportunistic mycoses
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Candida albicans
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Define Nosocomial Infections
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Infections acquired while in the hospital
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Define Protozoa
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Single-celled, animal-like organisms
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How do protozoa eat?
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By phagocytosis
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What do protozoa have instead of a cell wall?
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A pellicle
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What two forms do most protozoa occur?
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As a cyst or a trophozoite
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Define trophozoite
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The vegetative form of protozoa
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Define Cyst
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The dormant form of a protozoa; dehydrated, highly durable structure that protects organism from bad environmental conditions
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What type of environment do protozoa require?
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A wet environment
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What form is the protozoan if you acquire it as a pathogen?
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Cyst form
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What do protozoa eat?
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Bacteria and water
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Are protozoa eukaryotic or prokaryotic?
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Eukaryotic
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How are protozoa classified?
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They are divided into groups based on their form of motility
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What is the motility of the mastigophora?
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Motile by flagella
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What are 2 organisms classified under mastigophora?
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Trichomonas vaginalis and
Giardia lamblia |
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How do ciliata protozoa move?
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Motile by cilia
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Give an example of a ciliata protozoan?
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Balantidium coli
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How do you get Balantidium coli?
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From drinking water
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What does Balantidium coli cause?
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Gastroenteritis
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How are Sarcodina/Amoebazoa protozoa able to move?
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They are motile by pseudopodia
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Give an example of a sarcodina/amoebazoa protozoan
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Entamoeba histolitica
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How do you get Entamoeba histolitica?
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From contaminated water
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Where do fungi live?
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In water
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Is yeast single-celled or multicellular?
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Single-celled
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Is mold single-celled or multicellular?
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Multicellular
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How do yeast reproduce?
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By budding
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Define Hyphae
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Long filaments of cells
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What do fungi tolerate in terms of pH and water?
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Low pH and low moisture
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In multicellular fungi, what is the term used to describe the body?
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Thallus
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Name the two different types of hyphae
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Septate and non-septate
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Define Mycelium
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A mass of hyphae
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What are the three broad types of fungi?
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Single-cellular, multicellular, and dimorphic
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Define Dimorphic
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This fungi can occur as both mold or yeast
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What determines the form of a dimorphic organism?
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Temperature
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If the temperature is 37C, in what form would a dimorphic organism be?
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Yeast
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If the temperature is 25C, in what form would a dimorphic organism be?
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Mold
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What is the advantage of fungi having asexual reproduction?
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There is massive increase in the number of offspring
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What is the reproductive structure in fungi?
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A spore
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When you acquire a fungal pathogen, what structure did you acquire?
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Asexual spore
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Name the five asexual spores of fungi
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1-Arthrospore,
2-Chlamydospore, 3-Sporangiospore, 4-Conidiospore, 5-Blastospore |
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Name the three sexual spores
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Zygospore,
Ascospore, Basidiospore |
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Define Deuteromycota
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Holding group for any fungus where they haven’t observed the reproductive cycle
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Name three categories of fungal diseases
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1-Allergy Reactions,
2-Fungal Toxins, 3-Fungal infections |
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What is the most common allergy-causing fungus?
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Mold
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Define Mycoses
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Infection caused by a fungus
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Give the 5 types of mycoses
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1-systemic mycoses
2-subcutaneous mycoses 3-cautaneous mycoses 4-Superficial mycoses 5-Opportuistic mycoses |
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How do you acquire systemic mycoses?
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By inhaling asexual spore
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Where can a systematic mycoses infection infect?
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Anywhere in the body
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What is the communicability of systematic mycoses?
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Non-communicable
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How does a subcutaneous infection get into the body?
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Through a puncture wound
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What is the communicability of subcutaneous mycoses?
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Non-communicable
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What are the 4 different groups of protozoa?
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1-Mastigopohora/archaezoa/zoomastigophora
2-Ciliata 3-Sarcodina/Amoebazoa 4-Sporozoa/Apicomplexa |
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Are Sporozoa/Apicomplexa motile?
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no; they are not motile protozoa
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How many hosts do sporozoa require?
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More than one host
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What does Plasmodium cause?
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Malaria
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What two hosts does Plasmodium require?
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1-Human
2-Mosquito |
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What type of mosquito is affected by plasmodium?
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Anopheles
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which form of the plasmodium is transmitted to humans?
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The sporozoite
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What does malaria affect?
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the liver
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When is Plasmodium in the asexual reproductive cycle?
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When it is inside the liver of the human
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When is Plasmodium in the sexual reproductive cycle?
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When it is inside the mosquito
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What is happening in the body during the time that you are having chills and a high fever if you have malaria?
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The red blood cells are exploding from overload of trophozoites
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Give three examples of sporozoa/apicomplexa protozoa that cause infections
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1-Plasmodium sp.
2-Toxoplasma gondii 3-Cryptosporidium |
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What does Toxoplasma gondii cause?
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Taxoplasmosis
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Where is Toxoplasma gondii found?
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In the gut of animals (concerned mostly with cats)
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How is Cryptosporidium transmitted?
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fecal oral; contaminated water. ie. pools
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What are dinoflagellates?
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Single-celled algae
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give an example of a dinoflagellate
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phytoplankton
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What are two forms of helminths?
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1-Flatworms
2-Roundworms |
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What are two types of flatworms?
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1-cestodes
2-trematodes |
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What are the two organ systems in helminths?
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1-digestive system
2-reproductive system |
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What is the common name for a flatworm cestode?
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Tapeworm
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What is a trematode?
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A flatworm that is a fluke
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Where do helminths live?
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In soil/water
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Are helminths multicellular or unicellular?
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Multicellular
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How do humans acquire a helminth?
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By a break in the skin or through ingestion
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