Microbiology Lab Test 3

Front 1

1. what means narrow range?
2. necessary?
3. lover, loving
4. very high or low
5. what means wide range?
6. not necessary
7. fearer, fearing?
8. also extreme?

Back 1

1. steno
2. obligate
3. philo
4. extreme
5. eury
6. faculatative
7. phobe
8. hyper

Front 2

1. psychro
2. meso
3. hot?
4. acido
5. alkali/baso
6. halo

Back 2

1. cold
2. middle
3. thermo
4. acidic (low pH)
5. basic (high pH)
6. salt

Front 3

1. Psychrophile
2. Obligate psychrophile
3. eurythermic?
4. hyperthermophile?
5. these are nutrients that must be provided in form of elements or molecules
6. Chemicals and elements that are utilized for cellular activity

Back 3

1. – grow in cold temperatures
2. – only grows at low temperatures
3. can grow in a wide range of temperature
4. grows at very high temperatures
5. essential nutrients
6. nutrients

Front 4

1. required in large quantities; play principal roles in cell structure & metabolism ex?
2. required in small amounts; what are they involved in? ex?
3. what is a heterotroph?
4. what is a autotroph?
5. what is the carbon source and the energy source of photoautotrophs?

Back 4

1. macronutrients (proteins and carbs)
2. involved in enzyme function & maintenance of protein structure; micronutrients; zinc, nickel
3. an organism that must obtain carbon in an organic form made by other living organisms (animal)
4. an organism that uses CO2, an inorganic gas as its carbon source (plants)
5. CO2, light

Front 5

1. what is the carbon source and energy source of a chemoautotrophs?
2. photoheterotrophs?
3. chemoheterotrophs
4. what is the primary source of N for heterotrophs?
5. what does bacteria and algae use what to get N?
6. what can prokaryotes fix?

Back 5

1. CO2 and chemicals
2. organic carbon and light
3. organic carbon and chemicals
4. proteins, DNA, ATP, RNA
5. nitrate, nitrite
6. N2

Front 6

1. what is a major component carbs, lipids, and proteins and plays an important role in structural and enzymatic functions of cells
2. major element in all organic compounds & several inorganic ones (water, salts & gases)
3. key component of nucleic acids, phospholipids, and coenzymes
serves in energy transfers
4. essential component of some vitamins and some amino acids
and widely distributed in environment, rocks, sediments

Back 6

1. oxygen
2. hydrogen
3. phosphorous
4. sulfur

Front 7

1. what is also important elements in microbial metabolism, growth factors, and influnce the course of certain diseases
2. what decompose dead organisms, recycle elements, release enzymes to digest materials
3. what utilize tissues and fluids of a living host and cause harm
4. what is the lowest temperature that permits a microbe’s growth and metabolism called?
5. what is the highest temperature that permits a microbe’s growth and metabolism called?
6. what temp promotes the fastest rate of growth and metabolism

Back 7

1. K, Ca, Na, Mg, Fe
2. saprobes
3. parasites
4. minimum temperature
5. max temp
6. optimum temp

Front 8

1. when the optimum temperature below 15oC, capable of growth at 0oC
2. when the optimum temperature 20o-40oC, most human pathogens
3. when the optimum temperature greater than 45oC
4. when the optimum temp is greater than 80oC
5. what is the bacteria called when it grows slowly in cold, but has a optimal temp above 20

Back 8

1. psychrophiles
2. mesophiles
3. thermophiles
4. hyperthermophiles
5. psychrotrophs/facultative psycrhophiles

Front 9

1. what is it called when microbes can withstand short exposure to high temps
2. what has the most influence on microbial growth?
3. why are anaerobes anaerobes?
4. what cannot grow without oxygen?
5. what uses oxygen but can also grow in its absence?

Back 9

1. they are thermoduric
2. oxygen and CO2
3. because they dont have the mechanisms to detoxify oxygen. they would die in the presence of it.
4. obilgate aerobe
5. facultative anaerobe

Front 10

1. requires only a small amount of oxygen (not as much as there is in the atmosphere)
2. what lacks the enzymes to detoxify O2 so cannot survive in an oxygen environment
3. does no use oxygen but can survive and grow with it bc it can detoxify
4. grows best at higher CO2 tensions than normally present in the atmosphere
5. what is an example of a acidophile?

Back 10

1. microaerophilic
2. obligate anaerobe
3. aerotolerant anaerobes
4. capnophile
5. heliobacter

Front 11

1. where ca alkalinophiles be found?
2. what require a high concentration of salt
3. what do not require high concentration of solute but can tolerate it when it occurs
4. what loves to grow in high salt
conditions but can deal without it?
5. what are deep see microbes that live under pressure many time higher than atmospheric pressure

Back 11

1. in soil
2. halophiles
3. osmotolerant
4. osmotophile
5. barophiles

Front 12

1. what is it called when organisms live in close nutritional relationships; required by one or both members
2. what is mutaulism?
3. what is commensalism?
4. what is parasitism?
5. all pathogens are

Back 12

1. symbiotic
2. both members benefit
3. commensal member benefits, the other member is not harmed
4. parasite benefits; host is harm
5. parasites

Front 13

1. what is it called when organisms are free-living; relationships not required for survival
2. when members cooperate and share nutrients
3. what some member are inhibited or destroyed by others
4. microbes that normally live on/in human are called
5. What is the majority of our normal flora?
6. what is the only thing in our bodies that has alot of bacteria?

Back 13

1. non-symbiotic
2. synergism
3. antagonism
4. normal microbial flora
5. bacteria
6. large intestines

Front 14

1. Division of bacterial cells occurs mainly through; what has to come first?
2. time required for a complete fission cycle is called
3. each new fission cycle increases the pop by a factor of __ this is called
4. what is the generation time for e.coli? mycobacterium tb? mycobacterium leprae
5. how can you obtain a growth curve? what is it?

Back 14

1. binary fission; DNA replicaton
2. generation/doubling time
3. 2; exponential/log growth
4. 10-20min; 12hrs; 10-30days
5. using a batch culture; growth of a culture in a flask w/ one time supply of media and no removal of waste.

Front 15

1. what are the phases of the growth curve?
2. when is bacteria is more suspetable?

Back 15

1. Lag phase – “flat” period of adjustment, enlargement; little growth Exponential growth phase – a period of maximum growth will continue as long as cells have adequate nutrients & a favorable environment

Stationary phase – rate of cell growth equals rate of cell death cause by depleted nutrients, excretion of waste Death phase – as limiting factors intensify, cells die exponentially in their own wastes
2. during the log phase (where the most metabolism took place)

Front 16

1. what is a continuous culture?
2. what is used for this?
3. what does the spectrophotometer measure?
4. under the microscope with a special slide or automated count with a Coulter counter or flow cytometer.
5. samples of a culture are taken in time intervals and spread on an agar plate; then the resulting colonies are counted

Back 16

1. the organisms are supplied with fresh nutrients and flushing off toxic products.
2. An automated growth chamber = chemostat
3. it measures the turbidity of a culture
4. Direct count
5. calulated CFU

Front 17

1. the theory that Organelles originated from procaryotic cells trapped inside them.
2. long, sheathed cylinder containing microtubules in a 9+2 arrangement
covered by an extension of the cell membrane, function in motility,
3. function in motility, feeding and filtering, short; found where?
4. an outermost boundary that comes into direct contact with environment usually composed of polysaccharides; function?
5. rigid, provides structural support and shape

Back 17

1. symbiosis
2. flagella
3. single group of protozoa and certain animal cells
4. glycocalyx; adherence, protection, and signal reception
5. cell wall

Front 18

1. fungi's cell wall is composed of
2. who's cell wall is variable?
3. what is the function of sterols?
4. the nuclear envelope is composed (what does it contain)?
5. what is the job of the nucleolus?

Back 18

1. chitin or cellulose and mixed glycans
2. algae (it contains cellulose, pectin, calcium carbonate)
3. stability
4. two parallel membranes separated by a narrow space and is perforated with pores (chromosome)
5. rRNA synthesis and ribosome subunit assembly (its the dark spot)

Front 19

1. what does Rough ER do?
2. smooth?
3. what does the Golgi go?
4. consists of a stack of flattened sacs

Back 19

1. make amino acids and protiens and that are given to it by nucleolus for packaging and transport
2. make lipids
3. Transitional vesicles from the ER containing proteins go to the Golgi apparatus for modification and maturation. Condensing vesicles transport proteins to organelles or secretory proteins to the outside.
4. cisternae

Front 20

1. what is the life cycle of protein?
2. function of lysosomes
3. function of mitochondria
4. where is chloroplasts found?
5. the sacs in the chloroplasts are called
6. they are stacked into

Back 20

1. nucleus, RER, golgi, vesicles, secretion
2. digestion
3. make ATP (energy production)
4. algae and plant cells
5. thylakoids
6. grana

Front 21

1. what is photosynthesis?
2. what does mitochondria and chloroplast both have?
3. 40S and 60S subunits form what?
4. what is involved in movement of cytoplasm, transport, and structural support?
5. what is the only multicellular organism we study?

Back 21

1. when energy is converted into chemical energy
2. DNA and 70S ribosomes
3. 80S
4. cytoskelton
5. worms

Front 22

1. what are the 2 morphologies of fungi? used for what?
2. dimorphic means?
3. for filamentous fungi, the mass of hyphae is called
4. hyphae may be divided by cross walls called
5. what type of hyphae produces spores for reproduction?
6. what type of hyphae digests and absorb nutrients

Back 22

1. yeast (round) spreading easily and hyphae (long filaments) poke tissue
2. can exist in either morphology **it is a characteristic of alot of fungi
3. mycelium
4. sepate
5. reproductive hyphae
6. vegetatvie hyphae

Front 23

1. when some yeast can elongate, then buds, but doesn't detach.
2. our normal flora, candida albicans is kept in check by what..what happens if that goes away?
3. all fungi are
4. the majority of the fungi are labeled (eat dead material)
5. a fungal infection is called

Back 23

1 pseudohyphae
2. lactobacillus; opportunistic pathogen
3. heterotrophs
4. saprobes
5. mycoses

Front 24

1. how does fungi reproduce?
2. what is it called when spores are formed through budding or mitosis? ex?
3. what is it called when spores are formed following fusion of male and female strains and formation of sexual structure
4. what is one basis of formation for fungi classification?
5. which fungal classification majority are yeasts and molds; no sexual spores known; conidia

Back 24

1. Primarily through spores formed on reproductive hyphae
2. asexual reproduction; conidia (arthrospores-breaks off at septae) or sporangiospores (sac then it bursts)
3. sexual reproduction
4. Sexual spores and spore-forming structures
5. Deuteromycota

Front 25

1. which fungal classification zygospores; sporangiospores and some conidia
2. which fungal classification basidiospores; conidia
3. which fungal classification ascospores; conidia
4. name some bad impacts of fungi
5. name some good impacts

Back 25

1. zygomycota
2. basidomycota
3. ascomycota
4. mycoses, allergies, toxin production and destruction of crops and food storages
5. decomposers of dead plants and animals, sources of antibiotics, alcohol, organic acids, vitamins
used in making foods and in genetic studies

Front 26

1. algae that are free-living in fresh and marine water
2. what type of algae cause red tides and give off toxins that cause food poisoning with neurological symptoms.
3. what fungus is found in the genitals?
4 what fungus causes Ohio Valley Fever?
5. what is the purpose of algae?

Back 26

1. plankton
2. dinoflagellates
3. Candida albicans
4. Histoplasmosis
5. food, makes oxygen, cosmetics, medical products

Front 27

1. Describe protazoa
2. How do they feed?
3. what do they use to move?
4. the motile feeding stage is called
5. Many can enter into a dormant resting stage when conditions are unfavorable for growth and feeding

Back 27

1. no cell wall, harmless, unicellular, heterotrophic, NO chloroplasts
2. by engulfing other microbes
3. cilia, flagella, psuedopods
4. trophozoite
5. cyst

Front 28

1. how can protozoa reproduce?
2. what protozoa uses primarily flagellar motility
3. which one is primarily ameba and uses psuedopods
4. which one uses cilia;
5. which one has a complex life cycle, as not extentions or movement and just uses his surroundings to move

Back 28

1. both sexually and asexually
2. mastigophora
3. sarcondina
4. ciliophora
5. apicomplexia

Front 29

1. what does tichomonas cause?
2. what does trypanosoma cruzi cause?
3. what does Giardia causes
4. what does trypanosoma brucei
cause? transmitted by?
5. what does entamoeba histolytica cuase?

Back 29

1. STD
2. Chaga's disease
3. intestinal problems
4. sleeping sickness; tsetse fly
5. amebic dysentery

Front 30

1. how does ciliated protozoa move? ex? what does it do?
2. what does plasmodium causes?
3. what does toxoplasma causes?
4. what does cryptosporidium causes?
5. T.Gondii causes what? aka

Back 30

1. fine hair on the outside of the body; B. Coli; resident in gastrointestinal tracts
2. malaria
3. toxoplasmosis
4. intestinal probs
5. toxoplasmosis in humans; cat litter box disease

Front 31

1. what can complete a life cycle in a host?
2. the transmittion of plasmodium occurs in what species?
3. what type of worm flat, no definite body cavity; digestive tract a blind pouch; 2 types
4. what type of worm Roundworms (nematodes)- round, a complete digestive tract, a protective surface cuticle, spines and hooks on mouth;

Back 31

1. cryptosporidum
2. mosquito Anopheles
3. flatworms (Cestodes (tapeworms)
Trematodes or flukes, are flattened , nonsegmented worms with sucking mouthparts.)
4. roundworm/nematodes

Front 32

1. how are worms acquired?
2. how do you classify them?
3. how do you id them?

Back 32

1. Acquired though ingestion of larvae or eggs in food; from soil or water; some are carried by insect vectors
2. Classify according to shape, size, organ development, presence of hooks, suckers, or other special structures, mode of reproduction, hosts, and appearance of eggs and larvae
3. Identify by microscopic detection of adult worm, larvae, or eggs