Microbiology Final

Front 1

groups of pathogenic fungi

Back 1

superficial
cutaneous
subcutaneous
visceral
oppertunistic

Front 2

What causes Tinea versicolor?

Back 2

malassezia furfur

Front 3

What causes cryptococcosis?

Back 3

cryptococcus neoformans

Front 4

What causes blastomycosis?

Back 4

Blastomyces dermatitidis

Front 5

Which mycosis has three clinical forms: cutaneous, pulmonary, and disseminated?

Back 5

blastomycosis

Front 6

What is Desert Rheumatism?

Back 6

coccidioidomycosis

Front 7

detecting encapsulated yeast in clinical specimen means

Back 7

cryptococcosis

Front 8

detecting large spherules means

Back 8

coccidiomycosis

Front 9

How do organisms spread in cutaneous mycoses?

Back 9

they spread along lymphatic channels, producing more nodules

Front 10

chromoblastomycosis

Back 10

dark brown pigmented nodules

Front 11

maduromycosis

Back 11

eumycotic mycetoma

Front 12

nucleocapsid

Back 12

composed of nucleic acid and a capsid (protein coat)

Front 13

functions of capsids

Back 13

protects viral genetic material

aids in its transfer between host cells

Front 14

capsids are made out of

Back 14

protomers

Front 15

What is the largest animal virus?

Back 15

poxvirus

Front 16

capsids with complex symmetry in

Back 16

poxviruses
large bacteriophages

Front 17

which viruses have reverse transcriptase?

Back 17

ds gapped DNA viruses and retroviruses

Front 18

the largest group of known viruses

Back 18

Viruses with dsDNA Genomes (Group I)

Front 19

viruses that rely on host’s DNA and RNA polymerases

Back 19

some dsDNA viruses
Viruses with Single-Stranded DNA Genomes (Group II)
gapped dsDNA viruses

Front 20

herpesvirus and poxvirus are

Back 20

dsDNA viruses

Front 21

Parvoviruses are

Back 21

ssDNA genomes

Front 22

Rotavirus is a

Back 22

dsRNA virus

Front 23

which virus groups use RNA-dependent RNA Polymerase

Back 23

Group III, IV and V (double strand, + strand and - strand RNA viruses)

Front 24

Poliovirus is a

Back 24

+ strand RNA virus

Front 25

Tobacco Mosaic Virus is a

Back 25

+ strand RNA virus

Front 26

Other Methods to Make Multiple Proteins

Back 26

subgenomic mRNA

ribosomal frame-shifting

readthrough

Front 27

Families of Group V RNA viruses

Back 27

•Rhabdoviridae–rabies virus

•Filoviridae–Ebola and Marburg viruses

•Paramyxoviridae –measles virus

•Bunyaviridae –segmented, hantaviruses

•Orthomyxoviridae–segmented, influenza virus

Front 28

HIV virus is

Back 28

a retrovirus and a member of genus Lentivirus

Front 29

which type of virus contains integrase

Back 29

Retroviruses like HIV

Front 30

Hepadnavirus is a

Back 30

gapped dsDNA virus

Front 31

which enzymes repair the gap in gapped dsDNA genomes?

Back 31

host repair enzymes

Front 32

gapped DNA is released into the _____of the host cell

Back 32

nucleus

Front 33

pregenome

Back 33

large RNA which will make ds gapped DNA VIA reverse transcriptase

Front 34

What are the three methods of viral entry?

Back 34

Injection of nucleic acid (bacteriophages)
Endocytosis (naked viruses)
Fusion (enveloped viruses)

Front 35

endosome aids in _________

Back 35

viral uncoating

Front 36

the events of the synthesis stage are dictated by

Back 36

the viral genome

Front 37

sites of viral assembly

Back 37

nucleus and cytoplasm

Front 38

virus may use _______ to propel through host membrane

Back 38

host actin tails

Front 39

types of bacteriophages

Back 39

virulent phage → lytic cycle only
temperate phage→ lytic cycle or lysogenic cycle

Front 40

what's a prophage?

Back 40

genome of bacterium + virus

Front 41

What's a lysogen?

Back 41

an infected bacterial host (appears normal, may switch to the lytic cycle)

Front 42

What type of phage can change the phenotype of its host?

Back 42

temperate phages

Front 43

induction

Back 43

occurs when conditions in the cell cause the prophage to initiate synthesis of new phage particles

Front 44

–growth or lump of tissue

Back 44

tumor

Front 45

–abnormal new cell growth and reproduction due to loss of regulation

Back 45

neoplasia

Front 46

–reversion to a more primitive or less differentiated state

Back 46

anaplasia

Front 47

spread of cancerous cells throughout body

Back 47

metastasis

Front 48

Oncoviruses

Back 48

Epstein-Barr virus

Hepatitis B virus

Hepatitis C virus

Human herpesvirus 8

Human papillomavirus

HTLV-1

Front 49

Burkitt’s lymphoma & nasopharyngeal carcinoma from

Back 49

Epstein-Barr virus

Front 50

hepatocellular carcinoma

Back 50

hepatitis B and C

Front 51

Kaposi’s sarcoma

Back 51

from human herpes 8

Front 52

cervical cancer

Back 52

from human papillomavirus

Front 53

leukemia

Back 53

from HTLV1

Front 54

localized area of cellular destruction and lysis that enlarges as the virus replicates

Back 54

viral plaques

Front 55

______may cause disease by triggering RNA silencing

Back 55

viroids

Front 56

______require a helper virus for replication

Back 56

virusoids (like Hep D and B)

Front 57

The influenza virus is

Back 57

an RNA virus with a segmented genome

Front 58

How many types of HA?

Back 58

16

Front 59

How many types of NA?

Back 59

9

Front 60

due to accumulation of mutations in a strain within a geographic area

Back 60

Antigenic drift

Front 61

due to reassortment of genomes when two different strains of flu viruses (from humans and animals) infect the same cell and are incorporated into a single new capsid

Back 61

antigenic shift

Front 62

H5N1

Back 62

bird flu

Front 63

The most dangerous respiratory infections in young children

Back 63

RSV respiratory syncytial virus

Front 64

a virus that is readily inactivated by soap and disinfectants

Back 64

RSV

Front 65

How long does the rubella rash last?

Back 65

3 days

Front 66

a large, brick-shaped complex virus with linear double-stranded DNA

Back 66

variola virus (smallpox)

Front 67

viruses transmitted by bloodsucking arthropods from one vertebrate host to another

Back 67

arboviruses

Front 68

what causes undifferentiated fevers, with or without rash?

Back 68

arbovirus infections

Front 69

Diseases that cause hemorrhagic fevers?

Back 69

Ebola and Marbug viruses

Front 70

Antivirals used to treat HIV

Back 70

Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor -AZT

Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor -delavirdine
Fusion inhibitor - enfuvirtide

Protease inhibitor- indinavir

Front 71

treatment for HH6?

Back 71

none

Front 72

exanthem subitum is caused by

Back 72

human herpes 6

Front 73

erythema infectiosum is caused by

Back 73

Human Parvovirus B19 infections

Front 74

genome so small that virus uses overlapping reading frames

Back 74

human parvovirus B19

Front 75

what is fifth disease?

Back 75

erythema infectiosum

Front 76

infects B cells???

Back 76

EBV

Front 77

How long does mononucleosis last?

Back 77

1-6 weeks

Front 78

Dane particle is infectious virion in

Back 78

hepatitis B

Front 79

incubation period of hepatitis B

Back 79

1-3 months

Front 80

syncytial, giant-cell hepatitis

Back 80

hepatitis G

Front 81

Hepatitis G is similar to

Back 81

RSV

Front 82

Viruses that cause gastroenteritis

Back 82

•Norovirus, Sapoviruses
•Rotavirus, adenovirus, and astrovirus

Front 83

HAV is a part of _____ family

Back 83

Picornaviradae

Front 84

What do poliomyelitis and hepatitis A have in common?

Back 84

they're both + strand RNA viruses

Front 85

Which disease has three subtypes with no cross immunity?

Back 85

poliovirus

Front 86

Zoonotic viruses are

Back 86

RNA viruses

Front 87

Ebloa is a member of

Back 87

Filoviridiae

Front 88

negative sense RNA viruses

Back 88

Ebola, Hantavirus Pulmonary Syndrome (HPS), Rabies

Front 89

Marburg virus is a member of

Back 89

Filoviridiae

Front 90

HPS is a member of ___ family

Back 90

Bunyaviridae

Front 91

a bullet-shaped virus

Back 91

rabies

Front 92

The rabies virus is shed in _____

Back 92

saliva

Front 93

When do the clinical manifestations of rabies begin?

Back 93

2 to 16 weeks after exposure

Front 94

cause of death from rabies?

Back 94

destruction of regions of the brain that regulate breathing

Front 95

Negri body detection used in diagnosis of

Back 95

rabies

Front 96

obligately anaerobic, endospore-forming, gram-positive rod

Back 96

Clostridium botulinum (or any clostridium at this point tbh)

Front 97

Bacteria that cause gastroenteritis

Back 97

Campylobacter jejuni
Escherichia coli

Front 98

microaerophilic capnophilic bacteria

Back 98

Campylobacter jejuni

Front 99

Gram-negative curved rod

Back 99

Campylobacter jejuni

Front 100

comma-shaped, gram-negative bacterium

Back 100

Vibrio cholerae

Front 101

Cholera toxin is called

Back 101

Choleragen

Front 102

Rice-water stools are produced in

Back 102

cholera

Front 103

Which pathogenic E coli strain produces one or both enterotoxins responsible for diarrhea

Back 103

ETEC

Front 104

Which pathogenic E coli strainmay produce a cytotoxin and an enterotoxin

Back 104

EIEC

Front 105

Which pathogenic E coli strain causes effacing lesions caused by destruction of brush border microvilli on intestinal epithelial cells

Back 105

EPEC

Front 106

Which pathogenic E coli strain leads to hemorrhagic colitis

Back 106

EHEC

Front 107

Which pathogenic E coli strain is implicated in hemolytic uremic syndrome and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura?

Back 107

EHEC

Front 108

Which pathogenic E coli strain has a "stacked brick” appearance?

Back 108

EAggEC

Front 109

Which pathogenic E coli strain is a particular problem in immunologically naïve or malnourished children?

Back 109

DAEC

Front 110

gram-negative non-spore forming rods

Back 110

Salmonella

Front 111

salmonella toxins

Back 111

enterotoxin and cytotoxin

Front 112

What causes Typhoid fever?

Back 112

Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhi

Front 113

gram-negative, non-spore forming rods intracellular parasites

Back 113

Shigella

Front 114

________ secretion system delivers virulence factors into epithelial cells (Shigellosis)

Back 114

type III

Front 115

encapsulated, gram-positive, aerobic, endospore-forming bacterium

Back 115

Bacillus anthracis

Front 116

A disease that leads to septic shock

Back 116

anthrax

Front 117

incubation period for cutaneous anthrax

Back 117

1 to 15 day incubation

Front 118

eschar

Back 118

a skin papule that ulcerates (cutaneous anthrax)

Front 119

woolsorter’s disease

Back 119

pulmonary anthrax

Front 120

tiny gram-negative coccobacilli

Back 120

brucella spp

Front 121

Which disease is an occupational hazard in poultry industry

Back 121

Psittacosis

Front 122

occupational hazard among slaughterhouse workers, farmers, and veterinarians

Back 122

Q fever

Front 123

intracellular gram-negative bacterium, forms an endospore-like body

Back 123

Coxiella Burnetti

Front 124

incubation period for tularemia

Back 124

2 to 10 days

Front 125

Toxins of CDAD

Back 125

–toxin A (enterotoxin causing diarrhea)

–toxin B (cytotoxin kills cells)

Front 126

Main species involved in peridontal disease

Back 126

Porphyromonas gingivalis

Front 127

a disease which only occurs in individuals with predisposing condition

Back 127

streptococcal pneumonia

Front 128

Toxin of streptococcus pneumonia

Back 128

pneumolysin

Front 129

rust-colored sputum is seen in

Back 129

streptococcal pneumonia