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242 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hepatitis B and C may be transmitted via
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the serum of infected humans; unprotected sex; AND intravenous drug use. (NOT polluted water)
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Neisseria gonorrheae may be transmitted via
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the serum of infected humans; unprotected sex; AND intravenous drug use. (NOT polluted water)
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The microbiological significance of Beaver Fever is that it is
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caused by Giardia lamblia; caused by a protozoan; AND a water-borne gastrointestinal disease (NOT a prion-caused obsessive-compulsive disorder of some males)
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Terminal redundancy of phage DNA sequences occurs because
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of the head-full mechanism of DNA packaging into the virion; the DNA is cut from a concatamer of phage genomes; AND the phage capsid can hold more than a complete phage genome. (NOT- phage DNA pachaging is just sloppy).
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Diatoms
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have silica skeletons; are members of the Chrysophyta; provide materials for filters and abrasives; AND have cells with a bilateral symmetry.
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Which property is NOT found in Kingdom Fungi
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Endotoxins. (Are Found: exoenzymes, toxins, chitin cell walls, and alcoholic fermentation).
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Fungi that pray on nematodes are most likely
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None of the above- mormons, catholics, jewish, muslims.
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Phallus spp.
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are basidiomycetes; have strong unpleasant odor and are commonly referred to as "stinkhorn fungi;" strongly resemble the genitalia of a human male; AND are indigenous of Northwest Florida.
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Which genus below is claimed by both botanists and zoologists?
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Euglena.
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Dermatophytic fungi obtain carbon and nitrogen principally by
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digestion of keratin, the principal protein of skin, nails, and hair.
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Circular permutation of viral DNA sequences
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occurs in T phage.
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Which of the below include eukaryotes with no descernable mode of sexual reproduction?
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Paramecium, Amoeba, Toxoplasma, Entamoeba.
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Which of the below groups of microbes has the largest number of known species?
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Fungi
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Which of the below is often filamentous?
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Actinobacteria.
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_______ are able to degrade infecting bacteriophage DNA, thus protecting the host cell.
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Restriction endonucleases.
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Which molecule mediates the symptoms of cholera?
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endotoxin.
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Which of the below is a cell-wall less cell?
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Mycoplasma
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Eating foods that stimulate growth of beneficial microorganisms in the alimentary tract is
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is probiotics.
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Which of the below are members of the Kingdom Fungi?
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None of the Above- Oomycota, Net slime molds, Acrasiomycota, or Myxomycota.
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LD50 and ID50 are parameters that
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can quantitatively characterize the virulence of a pathogenic microbe; indicate killing potential and infection potential of a microbe, respectively; must be in reference to a specified population and species of host; AND describe certain qualities of a pathogen.
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Which group of microorganisms is the most prevalent cause of plant disease?
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Fungi.
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Which of the below is prokaryotic?
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Archeae. (NOT- Ciliophora (e.g. Paramecium, Tetrahymena), Rhizopus stolonifera, Giardia spp., Cryptosporidium spp., OR Chrlorophyta, Rhodophyta.
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The ameboid cells of Dictyostelium discoideum swarm toward an "I cell" attracted by release of
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cyclic AMP.
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Malaria is
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caused by a protozoan; has a mosquito vector; AND caused by Plasmodium spp. (NOT- under control by use of antibiotics).
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Which of the below is the most common type of nosocomial infection?
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urinary tract.
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Photosynthetic bacteria and eukaryotic algae have been grouped in classical taxonomy by which characteristic?
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pigment complement.
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Which is the most serious class of human mycosis?
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systemic.
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Eukaryotic algae
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have some members of Kingdom Plantae; have some members of Kingdom Protista; have some motile single-celled organisms; AND include some multi-celled sessile colonial organisms.
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The nucleic acid contained in Lamda virions is which of the below?
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Linear dsDNA with cohesive ends.
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Fungi
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are comprised of eukaryotic cells. (NOT- produce chlorophyll under anaerobic conditions; are prkaryoted or eukaryotes, depending on the species; are obligate anaerobes)
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Which pathogen mediates prodigious secretion of electrolytes and water into the small intestine?
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Vibrio cholerae.
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Prions are of significance because they cause infections of
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domestic animals and humans.
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Herpes simplex Type 1 infections are often harbored in a latent condition within
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the trigeminal neural ganglia.
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Salpingitis and pelvic inflammatory disease
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are potential complications from gonorrhea.
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Ingestion of, or inoculation with, live microorganisms with the intent of establishing beneficial microbial flora
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is probiotics.
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Iatrogenic effects during an illness are
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the result of treatment.
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Nobel for reverse transcriptase
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Howard Temin, David Baltimore
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A famous classical phycologist
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Harold Bold.
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The Epstein-Barr virus causes
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Burkett's lymphoma; nasopharyngeal carcinoma; AND infectious mononucleosis.
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Classical systematist for Kingdom Fungi
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Constantine Alexopoulos
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English physician who was one of the first to use an epidemiological approach to establish mode of transmission of an epidemic disease (cholera via drinking water from the London town pump)
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John Snow.
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Tobacco mosaic virus workers
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Ivanovski, Stanley, Beijerinck.
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Kinetics of lytic bacteriophage infection and "burst size"
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Delbruck and Ellis.
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Snapping cell division
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is characteristic of some "High G+C Gram Positive Bacteria"; AND occurs in Cornyebacterium diphtheriae. (DOES NOT occur in Pseudomonadales)
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Described infectious proteinaceous entities that apparently contain no nucleic acids
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Stanley Prusiner.
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Contributed to our knowledge of streptococci
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Rebecca Lancefield
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An especially virulent biotype Vibrio cholerae implicated in cholera pandemics is known as
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El Tor
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Presence of an intracellular gram-negative diplococcus in your penile or vaginal exudates strongly suggests that
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you have gonorrhea.
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Epstein-Barr Virus, Human Herpesvirus 8, and Human papillomavirus all
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are implicated as causes of human cancer.
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During the course of T4 phage infection of Escherichia coli, which occurs last?
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the host cell lyses.
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Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Neisseria
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Bacteria
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Protozoa, fungi, algae
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Eukarya.
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Dictiostellium, Physarum
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Eukarya.
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Viroids, prions
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Non-cellular, infectious entities.
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Methanococcus, Halobacterium, Sulfolobus.
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Archeae.
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Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Zygomycota
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Eukarya.
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Herpes, Smallpox, AIDS
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non-cellular, infectious entities.
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Microbes with chitin, or cellulose cell walls
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Eukarya
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Cuase of parrot fever, trachoma, typhus fever, Rocky Mountain spotted fever.
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Bacteria.
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Cause of scrapie, Kuru, mad cow, Creutzfedt-Jakob
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Non-cellular, infectious entities.
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Aflatoxin, LSD, mycotoxins, are found in
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Eukarya.
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Enzymes, ribosomes, mitochondria, flagella are
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None of the Above.
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Causes of sleeping sickness, malaria, amebic dysentry
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Eukarya.
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Microbes with long-chain isoprenoid compounds in membranes
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Archeae.
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Necessary for yogurt, Swiss cheese, sour kraut
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Bacteria.
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Cause tuberculosis, leprosy and diphtheria
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Bacteria.
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May produce perithecia, cleistothecia, apothecia
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Eukarya.
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Have 16S-ribosomal RNA genes AND ester-linked fatty acids in cell membranes.
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Bacteria.
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Serratia, Klebsiella, Proteus, Escherichia
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Enterobacteriaceae.
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Bacillus, Clostridium, Staphylococcus
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Phylum Firmicutes.
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Azotobacter, Pseudomonas
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Pseudomonadales
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Corynebacterium, Streptomyces, Mycobacterium
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Phylum Actinobacteria.
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Collagenase, coagulase, elastase are all
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enzymes; Virulence factors for some bacteria; proteins; AND heat labile.
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Cell lines that are transformed into malignant cell lines often
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lost contact inhibition; are not susceptible to apoptosis; are "immortal;" AND have altered glucose metabolism.
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Phycocyanin, phycoerythrin and fucoxanthin are
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pigments found in algae.
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T/F. Yeast-mold dimorphism occurs in the eukaryotic protozoa.
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False.
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T/F. Flagella, cilia, and pseudopodia are all mechanisms of motility in species of protozoa.
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True.
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T/F. Algae include organisms that are millions of times larger than bacteria.
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True.
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T/F. Tuberculosis and leposy are fulminating diseases that progress rapidly.
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False.
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T/F. Prophage DNA can be carried integrated into the host (bacterium) chromosome OR in an independently replicating plasmid.
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True.
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T/F. Coenocytic hyphae occur in the Ascomycota.
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False.
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T/F. Pyrogenic bacteria are usually gram positive.
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False.
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T/F. Enveloped viruses may bud into the host cell or be inducted into the cell by pinocytosis.
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False.
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T/F. Penicillium spp. typically reproduce asexually.
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True.
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T/F. Exposure of some viruses to diethylether destroys their ability to infect their animal host cells. Such viruses usually have a peplos.
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True.
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T/F. 18S rRNA gene sequencing can be used to classify members of Domain Archeae.
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False.
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T/F. Dictyostelium discoideum is a true plasmodial slime mold.
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False.
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T/F. Animal viruses inject their nucleic acids into the host cell in a manner similar to that of bacteriophages.
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False.
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T/F. A virus that produces reverse transcriptase causes AIDS.
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True.
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Physarum polycephalum is a true plasmodial slime mold.
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True
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T/F. Gonorrhea is commonly transmitted by contaminated toilet seats in public restrooms.
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False.
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T/F. Diphtheria produces a "pseudomembrane" in the throat that has led to its characterization as a "strangling disease"
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True.
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T/F. Zoonotic diseases are caused by microorganisms that have non-human animal reservoirs.
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True.
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T/F. Slime molds are classified in the Eumycota.
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False.
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T/F. Some fungi trap nematodes (roundworms) and digest them for food.
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True.
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T/F. Exotoxins produced by gram-positive bacteria are often heat-labile proteins.
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True.
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T/F. The RNA of plus-stranded RNA viruses can function as mRNA.
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True.
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T/F. High concentrations of iron are essential to production of diphtheria toxin.
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False.
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T/F. Corynebacterium diphtheriae is not pathogenic unless it is lysogenic.
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True.
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T/F. The common cold is most effectively treated with multiple antibiotics.
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False.
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Neisseria gonorrhoeae causes
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gonorrhea.
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Which genus below may be considered either a protozoan or an alga?
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Euglena.
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Morchella spp. are
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edible ascomycetes.
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Which of the below is cellular but with no cell walls?
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Mycoplasmas.
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Which mechanism protects bacterial DNA from degradation by restriction endonucleases?
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A complimentary modification of host DNA.
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Which molecule mediates that aggregation of the amoeboid cells of cellular slime molds?
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Cyclic AMP
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Which of the below is acellular?
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Viruses.
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A word for the study of algae is
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phycology.
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Which of the below are members of the Kigndom Fungi?
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Basidiomycota.
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A dormant, but infective form for pathogenic protozoa is called a
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cyst
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Which group of microorganisms is studied most in the field of phytopathology?
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Fungi
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"Purple photosynthetic bacteria"
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Phylum Proteobacteria
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Dictyostelium discoideum is
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A pseudoplasmodial slime mold.
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Which of the below is grouped most closely with the amoebas (actually in the same phylum)?
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slime molds
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Which is the least serious class of human mycosis?
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superficial
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The Labyrinthomorpha or net slime molds are
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currently considered with Kingdom Protista, Phylum Protozoa.
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Typical algae
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are comprised of eukaryotic cells; produce chrolophyll under aerobic conditions; AND conduct oxygenic photosynthesis (DO NOT contain prokaryotes)
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Tuberculosis is best treated
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with multiple antibiotics
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Herpes zoster infections are often harbored in a latent condition within
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trigeminal neural ganglia.
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Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Delta, Episilon
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Proteobacteria
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Mollicutes
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No cell walls; In Phylum Firmicutes; Stain gram negatively; AND include Mycoplasma spp.
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Nitrification
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oxidizes ammonia to nitrate. (is conducted by bacteria only? -maybe)
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Nobel for discover of prions
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Stanley Prusiner
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Gram negative bacteria
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Proteobacteria
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Father of soil microbiology and discoverer of streptomycin
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Selman Walksman
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Whooping cough
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Bordetella
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Serological classification system for streptococci
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Rebecca Lancefield
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"High G+C Gram Positive Bacteria
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may include acid-fast microbes; have a dedicated volume in Bergey's manual; are informally known as actinomycetes; AND have many members that produce antibiotics.
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Source of agar
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Red Algae
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During the course of T4 phage infection of Escherichia coli, which occurs first?
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Early mRNA is transcribed directly from phage DNA.
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Hydrogenosomes are
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organelles of some protozoa
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Frankia, Nocardia, Rhodococcus
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Phylum Actinobacteria
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Causes of scrapie, Kuru, mad cow, Creutzfeldt-Jakob
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Prions; non-cellular infectious entities
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Use Entner-Doudoroff pathway to metabolize glucose
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Pseudomonas spp.
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Necessary for yogurt, swiss cheese, sour kraut
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lactic acid bacteria
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Prokaryotes that have hyphae and spores that look like those of fungi
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Members of Actinobacteria (actinomycetes)
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T/F. Pseudomonas, Escherichia, Neisseria are all in Domain Eukarya
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False
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T/F. Protozoa, fungi, algae are Bacteria.
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False
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T/F. Archeae have 16S-ribosomal RNA genes AND ester-linked fatty acids in cell membranes
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False (ether-linked)
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T/F. Bifidobacterium spp. colonizes the gut of milk-fed children.
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True
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T/F. The common cold is caused by one species of virus.
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False
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T/F. Propionobacterium spp. are associated with acne and body odor.
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True
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T/F. Members of the Apicomplexa are typically non-motile
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False (Most are motile)
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T/F. Kelps are often considered eukaryotic algae.
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True
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T/F. Coenocytic hyphae occur in the Zygomycota.
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True
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T/F. Enveloped viruses may be inducted into the cell by pinocytosis.
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False
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T/F. Some insects such as ants and beetles farm fungi for food.
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True
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T/F. A virus that produces reverse transcriptase causes Rous (Avian) Sarcoma.
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True
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T/F. Sporozoans are the same group of protozoa as members of the Apicomplexa.
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True
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T/F. The disease diphtheria is caused by lysogenic bacteria.
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True.
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T/F. The Oomycota are classifically studied with fungi but do not belong within Kingdom Fungi.
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True
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T/F. Slime molds are classified in the Eumycota.
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False (Myxomycota)
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T/F. Endotoxins produced by gram negative bacteria are often heat-labile proteins.
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False
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T/F. The RNA of minus-stranded RNA viruses can function as mRNA.
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False (plus-stranded)
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T/F. Water molds of the Oomycota have cell walls made of chitin.
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False (cell walls not made of chitin)
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T/F. Herpes infections are effectively treated with antibiotics.
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False.
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T/F. Corynebacterium diptheriae is not pathogenic unless it is lysogenic.
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True.
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Hepatitis viruses such as those designated Hepatitisvirus B, C, D, and E are transmitted
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via the serum of infected humans; AND via unprotected sex.
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All eukaryotic algae
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conduct cyclic photophosphorylation.?????
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Bioremediation
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may be accomplished by addition of microorganisms to a contaminated site.
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MIRCENS (Microbiological Resources Centers)
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provide bacteria and other microbes to advance agricultural practices; are components of the United Nations; manage culture collections of Bacillus thuringiensis, Rhizobium spp., and other helpful microbes; AND are part of UNESCO.
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Which property is NOT found in Kingdom Fungi?
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Photosynthesis. (DO have exoenzymes, toxins, chitin cell walls, and aerobic metabolism).
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Fungi that prey on nematodes may employ which mechanism(s)?
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Pegs that insert into the body of trapped worms; passive rings of hyphae into which the nematode crawls and gets stuck; network of adhesive hyphae; AND active rings that rapidly trap the fungi in a kind of noose.
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Soybean rust fungi
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are basidiomycetes; are pathogenic for soybeans and other legumes; are common (indigenous to Asia and South America); AND have recently invaded Northwest Florida.
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Which of the below groups of microbes have the fewest number of known species?
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Archeae
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According to your text, and me, potential microbial bioterrorism agents include the anthrax bacillus and
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the smallpox virus; aflatoxins and other fungal toxins; AND the rice blast fungus and other plant pathogens (NOT ricin)
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Which of the below approaches for storing a culture of a microorganism is most robust, i.e. allows for longest storage time?
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Lyophylization
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Candida albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are both
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yeasts
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Which of the below are members of the Kingdom Fungi?
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None of the Above (Oomycota, Net slime molds, Acrasiomycota, or Myxomycota).
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Prions
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are infectious proteins.
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Which of the below is/are "reportable" to the CDC and would be published in the Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports?
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Syphilis; Gonorrhea; Smallpox; AND Poliomyelitis.
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|
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Poxviruses
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are enveloped; include not only smallpox and chickenpox, but monkeypox; have a complex morphology; AND are some of the largest viruses.
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Biostimulation
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the addition of nutrients that may be limiting biodegradation by indigenous microorganisms.
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Which of the below has the highest number of confirmed species?
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Fungi
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Contributed to the bioremediation and biosurfactant technologies
|
David Gibson, David Gutnick, Eugene Rosenberg.
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Characterized Gonorrhea
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Hunter and Neisser
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Contributed to our knowledge of Diptheria
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Rous, Yersin, Klebs, Freeman, Pappenheimer
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T/F. Yeast-mold dimorphism occurs in the Kingdom Fungi.
|
True.
|
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T/F. Algae include organisms from Kingdom Plantae and from Kingdom Protista.
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True.
|
|
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T/F. Fulminating diseases like tuberculosis and leprosy progress slowly.
|
True.
|
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T/F. Oncogenic viruses may have genes that encode transformation of normal host cells to malignant cells.
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True.
|
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T/F. Even though Mycoplasmas are currently grouped as "low G+C gram positive bacteria," they have no peptidoglycan cell walls and stain gram negatively.
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True.
|
|
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T/F. Cellular slime molds produce a multi-celled pseudoplasmodium during one phase of their life cycle.
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True
|
|
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T/F. Perithecia, cleistothecia, and apothecia are all types of fruiting bodies within the basidiomycota.
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False (Ascomycota)
|
|
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T/F. Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites.
|
True.
|
|
|
T/F. A retrovirus causes AIDS.
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True.
|
|
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T/F. "Orphan" viruses are so-named because no disease has been associated with them.
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True.
|
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T/F. Zoonotic diseases are acquired by humans from animals in a zoo.
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False.
|
|
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T/F. Passive immunity to diphtheria can be conferred by injection of an antitoxin generated in other animals.
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True.
|
|
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T/F. "Slow-virus" diseases, once thought to be caused by "virions," and are now thought to be caused by prions.
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True
|
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T/F. "Snapping" cell division is characteristic of some "High G+C Gram Positive Bacterias" such as Corynebacterium diphteriae.
|
True.
|
|
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T/F. HeLa cell lines have been "immortal" in the sense that they have been grown in tissue-culture media and transferred for decades and still remain viable.
|
True.
|
|
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T/F. Prophages often encode virulence factors for pathogenic bacteria.
|
True.
|
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Hepatitis A is transmitted
|
via polluted water.
|
|
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Sargussum spp. and Chondrus crispis are
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algae commonly known as kelps; members of the same Division; prokaryotic; AND fungi that produce polymers useful as food additives
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Pneumocystis carinii is which of the below?
|
the etiological agent of a type of pneumonia; formerly classified as a protozoan; currently grouped with the Fungi; AND an opportunistic pathogen of immunocompromised people.
|
|
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The most important criterion used to classify bacteriophages is
|
phage morphology and properties of nucleic acid genome.
|
|
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Morchella esculenta, Neurospora crassa, and Claviceps purpureas are all
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Ascomycota
|
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A bacteriophage that can integrate into the host chromosome and not cause lysis of the host cell is said to be
|
temperate
|
|
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T/F. Exotoxins prodced by gram positive bacteria tend to be heat stable.
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False. (Exotoxins-G+/heat labile; Endotoxins;G-/heat stable)
|
|
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T/F. 18S rRNA gene sequencing can be used to classify members of Kingdom Fungi
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True (Acheae-false)
|
|
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T/F. Collagenase, coagulase, and elastase are all enzymatic virulence factors.
|
True.
|
|
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T/F. Transformed cell lines often lost contact inhibition and do not undergo apoptosis.
|
True.
|
|
|
T/F. Phycocyanin, phycoerythrin and fucoxanthin are pigments found in algae.
|
True.
|
|
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Which is a phylum within domain Archaea?
|
Crenarchaeota
|
|
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Which inlcudes a microbe with a photosynthetic pigment known as bacteriorhodopsin?
|
Halobacterium
|
|
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Methanogens are
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archeae that make methane.
|
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Which group(s) is/are most likely to contain sulfate-reducing microorganisms?
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Archeae; Deltaproteobacteria
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Which of the below is a Low G+C gram-positive bacterium that has not cell walls and stains gram negatively?
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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|
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Bacteriodes spp.
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are anaerobes; are more numerous than E. coli in human feces; are gram negative; are useful in tracking the source of fecal contamination.
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Which is the best descriptive word(s) for the cell morphology of Azotobacter?
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peanut-shaped
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Which group of microorganisms is the most commonly studied phytopathogen?
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Fungi
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Which of the below is the "oldest" group of bacteria, i.e. they have the longest evolutionary history and are phylogenetically separate from other bacteria?
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Aquifiacea
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Which causes pyloric ulcers and is suspected as a cause of stomach cancer?
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Helicobacter pylori
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Bdellovibrio bacterivorus is which of the below?
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predator of E. coli; member of Class Deltaproteobacteria; an obligate intracellular parasite; AND member of doman Bacteria
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Bioluminescent bacterium in which quorum sensing was first elucidated
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Psuedomonas fluorescens
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Nitrifying bacteria
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may produce nitrate; are distributed among several classes of proteobacteria; may oxidize ammonia; AND are important in the nitrogen cycle
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Studied Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever.
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Howard Taylor Ricketts.
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Developed the classification schema for Salmonella spp. based on cell surface antigens.
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Kauffman-White
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Which is not a species within the genus Clostridium?
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C. diphtheriae (Corynebacterium).
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|
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Streptococcus pneumoniae produces characteristic features on blood agar known as
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Alpha hemolysis.
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Which low G+C gram positive is a member of Class Mollicutes and has a characteristic "fried egg" colony?
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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Which are soil bacteria that frequently produce antibiotics? Mycobacterium
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Phylum Actinobacterium
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Which is associated with acne and body odor in humans?
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Propionibacterium acnes
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|
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Causes of sleeping sickness, malaria, amebic dysentry
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Eukarya
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Viruses for which there are no known disease are known as
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Orphans
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Which phylum of bacteria has many morphological properties in common with fungi. e.g. asexual spores and hyphae?
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Actinobacteria
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Which bacterium is the pioneer colonizer of the human large intestine?
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Bifidobacterium
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May produce perithecia, cleistothecia, apothecia.
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Ascomycota.
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Have 16S ribosomal RNA genes, ether-linked fatty acids and isoprenoid hydrocarbons in their cell membranes
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Archeae
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A peplos is found
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in ether-senstive viruses; in some animal viruses; in membrane-enclosed viruses; AND in poxviruses
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Which are likely to have mycolic acids in their cell walls?
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Phylum Actinobacteria
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T/F. Spirochetes are flexible and have internal flagella.
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True
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T/F. Virions from Poxviridae are among the smallest-sized viruses.
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False.
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T/F. There are more types of ssDNA animal viruses than there are dsDNA animal viruses
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False. (more dsDNA; more ssRNA).
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T/F. Taxonomy of viruses is built around viral orders rather than families
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True
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T/F. An icosahedral capsid has 42 facets.
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False (20)
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T/F. Pappovaviridae include viruses that cuase warts and cervical cancer.
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True
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T/F. Changes, visible with a microscope, inside a virus-infected cell that may be diagnostic of specific disease are called cytopathic effects.
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True
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T/F. Bacteriophage often use outer membrane proteins on bacterial LPS as attachment receptors.
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True
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T/F. The sub-order Corynebacterineae includes causative bacteria for leprosy, tuberculosis, and diphtheria.
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True.
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T/F. Influenza is most effectively treated with multiple antibiotics.
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False.
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