Microbiology Final

Front 1

Pasteurization

Back 1

A method that utilizes heat to decrease the number of microorganisms present in liquids.

Front 2

Endospore

Back 2

Am extremely resistant, dormant, thick-walled spore that develops in response to environmental stress

Front 3

Differential test

Back 3

any laboratory test that can distinguish one type of organism from another is called this.

Front 4

Antibiotics

Back 4

Chemicals, made by microorganisms, that can be used internally to kill or inhibit growth or microorganisms.

Front 5

Chemothereputic

Back 5

General term for any chemical that can be used internally to kill or inhibit growth of microorganisms

Front 6

Exergonic

Back 6

general term for reactions that proceed spontaneosuly

Front 7

anaerobic

Back 7

Metabolic pathways that do not require oxygen are called this.

Front 8

mycology

Back 8

name the division of microbiology that involves the study of fungi

Front 9

Linnaeas

Back 9

Name the scientist who is accredited with developing a nomenclature system for living organisms

Front 10

Strict Anaerobe

Back 10

Term referring to organisms that grow only at the bottom of a nutrient tube.

Front 11

etiology

Back 11

the name given to the branch of science which studies the cause of diseases

Front 12

apoenzyme

Back 12

the protein component of an enzyme that requires a non-protein componant. This protein has no catalytic ability without a cofactor.

Front 13

confermation

Back 13

the shape of a protein is reffered to as the protein's _____

Front 14

Feedback inhibition

Back 14

When the end product of a metabolic pathway inhibits the regulatory enzyme in that pathway, this type of inhibition is exhibited.

Front 15

semi-conservative

Back 15

Because DNA replication results in each new daughter strand having one old parental backbone, the process is considered_____

Front 16

Reverse transcriptase

Back 16

General term for any enyzme that is capable of synthesizing DNA using an RNA template

Front 17

Nucleotides

Back 17

Momomeric units of RNA & DNA

Front 18

Trailer

Back 18

name a component of a bacterial gene that is transcribed but not translated

Front 19

Primase

Back 19

Name an enzyme- other than DNA polymerase - that can be found in a replisome

Front 20

primer

Back 20

name one thing DNA polymerase require

Front 21

introns

Back 21

sequences within eukaryotic genes that are transcribed, but not translated because they are removed. these sequences are not expressed

Front 22

Histones

Back 22

small basic proteins with large amounts of lysine and arginine

Front 23

complimentary

Back 23

the bases of one strand of DNA match-up with the bases of the second strand according to certain chemical rules. This interaction between particular bases is referred to as ____ base paring

Front 24

Reading Frame

Back 24

This consists of continuous, non- overlapping sets of nucleotides

Front 25

Primase

Back 25

This is a DNA dependant RNA polymerase required for DNA replication. It synthesizes a primer during replication

Front 26

Coding region

Back 26

this region of bacterial gene has the sets of codons that will be translated into protein.

Front 27

fatty acid

Back 27

name a molecule that is produced when a lipid is catabolizes

Front 28

glycogen

Back 28

name an organic macromolecule that can be catabolized to make a sugar

Front 29

ATP

Back 29

identify a product of non-cyclic Photo-phosphorylation

Front 30

Natural Attenuation

Back 30

this is being done when microorganisms are used to clean up petroleum wastes

Front 31

Gluconeogenesis

Back 31

identify the anabolic pathway which parallels the catabolic pathway of glycolysis

Front 32

amphibolic pathways

Back 32

metabolic pathways that can function both catabolically and anabolically are referred to as this

Front 33

photo-phosphorylation

Back 33

name the process that occurs when light energy is used to phosphorylate ADP

Front 34

Chloryphill

Back 34

A pigment that is used in the process described above

Front 35

Lipase

Back 35

general name for any enzyme that has the capability of breaking down lipids

Front 36

peptidase

Back 36

general name for any enzyme that has the capability of cleaving peptide bonds

Front 37

replicative form

Back 37

a double stranded copy of the viral genome that is required for viral proliferation

Front 38

selectines

Back 38

cell adhesion molecules on activated capillary endothelial cells

Front 39

lysosime

Back 39

name an enzyme that can be found in a lysosome

Front 40

breaks down cell wall

Back 40

what does the lysosime do?

Front 41

RNA replicase

Back 41

name of an RNA dependant RNA polymerase required by ssRNA viruses

Front 42

+RNA/+DNA

Back 42

Name something that can be transcribed from a minus strand DNA molecule

Front 43

Sodium chloride

Back 43

name a general chemical defense used by your body

Front 44

hypothalamus

Back 44

part of your brain that regulates body temperature

Front 45

complement system

Back 45

this includes many proteins that act together. one of the things they can accomplish is enhancing phagocytosis

Front 46

opsonization

Back 46

when an organism has been coated with proteins to enhance phagocytosis, this has occured

Front 47

apoptosis

Back 47

a process of programmed cell death by which cells undergo an ordered sequence of events which lead to death of the cell

Front 48

EPA-environmental protection agency

Back 48

A US federal agency that is responsible for regulating the safety and use of disinfectants

Front 49

autoclave

Back 49

an apparatus for sterilizing objects by the use of steam under pressure

Front 50

catabolism

Back 50

energy releasing reactions in a cell that result in the breakdown of macromolecules

Front 51

extremophiles

Back 51

general term for microorganisms that grow under a particular harsh condition that would kill most other organisms

Front 52

pasturization

Back 52

name a physical method that can be used to inhibit/prevent microbial growth

Front 53

barophiles

Back 53

name given to organisms that thrive in the presence of increased atmospheric pressure

Front 54

phenol

Back 54

the first widely used antiseptic and disinfectant

Front 55

iron

Back 55

this element is required for heme to function

Front 56

2

Back 56

number of CO2 molecules produced for each acetyl-CoA molecule oxidized

Front 57

cytochromes

Back 57

heme proteins that carry electrons

Front 58

polymer

Back 58

general term for macromolecules composed of repeating structural units connected by covalent bonds

Front 59

reduction potential

Back 59

a measure of the tendency of a chemical species to acquire electrons and thereby be reduced

Front 60

edward jenner

Back 60

name the individual who is accredited with creating the first vaccination

Front 61

small pox

Back 61

what did edward jenner create a vaccination against (disease)?

Front 62

capsid

Back 62

large macromolecule structure which serves as a virus's protein coat

Front 63

host range

Back 63

the fact that viruses can only infect certain hosts is referred to as the virus's _______

Front 64

tissue trophism

Back 64

the fact that viruses can only infect certain tissues of a multicellular host is referred to as_______

Front 65

Lytic

Back 65

cycle of viral reproduction that results in the lysis of the host cell

Front 66

transduction

Back 66

when a virus introduces new DNA into an organism's genome in either a sepecific or general manner, this has occured

Front 67

lysogeny

Back 67

the process that results in viral DNA being incorporated into the host cell's genome

Front 68

Biogenesis

Back 68

the step of a virus's replicative cycle involves synthesizing viral components by the host cell.

Front 69

Nosocimial

Back 69

if an infection first appears 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge, the patient has aquired a _______ infection