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100 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The main energy source for most living cells
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ATP
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These are the primary compounds that make up cell membranes
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phospholipids, lipids (cholesterol), and proteins
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composed of glycerol and fatty acids
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Triglycerides
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The Genetic Material of cells
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DNA and RNA
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antibodies and enzymes are examples of
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Proteins
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the most important solvent in living cells
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water
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insoluble in water; steroids are examples
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cholesterol (lipids)
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described the structure of DNA
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Watson and Crick
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The major proponent of spontaneous generation
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John Needham
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Father of microbiology, disproved spontaneous generation
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Louis Pasteur
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discovered penicillin
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Alexander Fleming
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Discovered phagocytic cells
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Metchinkoff
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developed the vaccination for smallpox
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Edward Jenner
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Responsible for one enzyme-one protein theory
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Beadle and Tatum
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First to associate a specific organism with a specific disease
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Robert Koch "Koch's postulate"
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First to observe microorganisms
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Anton van Leeuwenhoek
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First to use an antiseptic/disinfectant' carbolic acid
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Joseph Lister
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Viruses that infect bacteria
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Bacteriophages
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this type of gene transfer can transfer the most genetic material
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conjugation
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DNA--->mRNA
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Transcription
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genetic transfer involving "naked DNA"
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transformation
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this type of enzymes are always present in the cell
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Constitutive enzymes
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jumping genes
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transposons
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these enzymes are only present if the substrate is present
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induced enzymes
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this is a base substitution mutation
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point mutation
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these organisms are classified by locomotion
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protozoa
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submicroscopic intracellular parasites
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virus
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this organisms reproduce by spores
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fungi
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these divide by binary fission
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prokaryotes
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these microbes have no cell wall, only a cell membrane
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protozoa
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this causative agent of CJD is an infectious piece of protein
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prions
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infectious pieces of RNA that can cause some plant diseases
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viroids
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these organisms have a cell wall composed of chitin
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fungi
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these microbes are photosynthetic
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algae/cyanobacteria
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these microbes possess only one chromosome
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bacteria
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virus is the most common cause of pneumonia in infants
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RSV
respiratory syncytial virus |
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break bone fever
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dengue fever
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virus results in a slapped cheek appearance in children
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5th disease
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this virus is often associated with cervical cancer
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HPV (human pappaloini virus)
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one must have chickenpox first to develop this infection
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shingles
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This virus is spread by inhalation of dried urine from infected rodents
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hantavirus
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cold sores
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herpes simplex I
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vaccinations for this infection include Salk, Sabin, and OPV
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Poliomyelitis "polio"
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Koplik sports are characteristic lesions of this infection
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Measles
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This disease has been completely eradicated by vaccination in 1980
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smallpox
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Negri bodies are characteristic inclusion bodies of this virus
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rabies
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a salivary gland infection that can lead to sterility in post pubertal males
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mumps
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121 C at 15psi for 15 minutes
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autoclave "moist heat sterilization"
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another term for cleaning
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sanitation
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100C
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boiling
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62C for 30 minutes
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pasteurization not sterilization but reduced food spoilage
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this germicidal activity is about 260nm
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nonionizing radiation
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freeze-drying to preserve bacteria
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lyophilization
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during this growth phase cells are metabolically active; preparing to divide
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lag phase
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during this growth phase cell death is equal to cell multiplication
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stationary phase
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cyanobacteria are examples of this nutritional type
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photoautotroph
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during this growth phase cells divide exponentially
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log phase
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nitrifying bacteria are examples of this nutritional type
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chemoautotroph
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most pathogens and normal microbiota are classified in this group
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chemoheterotroph
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this organism is an acidophile; causes gastric ulcers
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Heliobacteria pylori
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a gram - bacteria; normal microbiota in the large intestine
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E. coli
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these are gram + cocci clusters
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Staphylococcus aureus
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the aerobic sporeformer genus
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Bacillus
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the genus of anaerobic sporeformers
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Clostridium
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baker's yeast; produces alcohol by fermentation
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Sacchromyces cervisase
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all members of this genus are acid-fast
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mycobacterium
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this is an example of an obligate halophile
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halo bacterium
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the yogurt bacteria
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acidophilles
psychrophiles-lacto bacillus acidophilus |
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this genus has no cell wall; a natually occurring protopast
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mycoplasma
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doorway to krebs cycle
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Acetyl CoA
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carbon dioxide + Water --> glucose +water+oxygen
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respiration
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this phase of cellular respiration takes place in the prokaryotic cell membrane
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ETC
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glucose--> pyruvic acid
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glycolysis (2ATP)
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an organism that Cannot grow without oxygen
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obligate aerobe
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these organisms Require oxygen at lower concentration found in the atmosphere
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Microaerophies
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these microorganisms grow better at high temperatures
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thermophiles
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these organisms prefer oxygen but can ferment if oxygen is absent
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faculative anaerobe -normal microbiota
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these are catalase negative organisms
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streptococcus
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these organisms grow in the refrigerator
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psychrophile
acidophiles-->lactobacillus acidophiles |
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these organisms grow best at room temperature or body temperature
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mesophilies
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Who was Semmelweiss
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hand washing
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what is recombinant DNA
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combine genes from 2 different cells
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purpose of endospores
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survival
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chemical bonds hold organic molecules together
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covalent bonds
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bacteria used to test effectiveness of disinfectants
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salmonela, staphylococcus, pseudomonas
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pH acid
pH base |
less than 7
more than 7 |
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chemically defined medium
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exact chemical composition is known
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ethylene oxide?
how is it used? |
gaseous sterilant
used to serialize pitri dishes |
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what is a capnophiles?
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CO2 lover
require high CO2 Nesseria |
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which organisms are permanent house guests
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Herpes
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what is a zoonosis
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may be transmitted to humans by animals
rabies, lyme disease |
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what cause the pandemic of 1918 that killed more people than WWI
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Influenza
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Bacteria is used in the Ames test
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salmonella trphimorium
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what is the difference between competitive and non competitive enzyme inhibition
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competitive fills the active site
non competitive fills the allosteric site |
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what is monotrichous? how many flagella?
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a single flagellum at one pole, has one flagella
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what are the examples of teratogens we studied
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rubella, cytomegaloviruses, herpes
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how can you grow viruses
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in animals or embryonic eggs
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how is hep A transmitted?
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fecal oral transmission
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most severe type of Hep? Highest mortality rate?
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Hep D
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type of bacteria has a lipopolyssaccharide outer membrane? Gram + or Gram -?
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Gram -
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