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43 Cards in this Set
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Bacteriology
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Study of bacteria
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Mycology
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Study of fungi (yeasts and molds), and even mushrooms a
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are included in the study of mycology as as well as the actinomycetes
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Phycology aka Algology
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Study of the eucaryotic algae, also the cyanobacteria (or the blue green algae
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Virology
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Study of viruses and phages, also the rickettsia and chlamydia are included, because living host cells are needed for infection
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Viruses
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Protozoology
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Study of protozoa (emphasis usually placed on non-pathogenic varieties)
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Parasitology
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The study of disease-producing protozoans like the malaria plasmodial parasite, or other protozoans like the one causing amebic dysentary.
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Parasitology also includes the study of other larger microscopic "multicellular" parasitic organisms like worms, flukes, etc.
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Immunology
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The study of the host's resistance to infectious agents or to the implant of foreign material-like organ transplants;
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Epidemiology
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The study of how infections or infectious agent are transmitted among a susceptible population.
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Chemotherapy
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Study of how chemical agents might control, inhibit or kill pathogenic microorganism in the host causing and active infection.
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Spore-forming bacteria
Bacillus |
an aerobic, rod shaped, bacterium commonly found in air, soil and water
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Causes anthrax
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Spore-forming bacteria
clostridium |
an anaerobic, rod-shaped, bacterium common to soil, seldom found in air or water
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Causes the disease tetanus, gas gangrene, and deadly food poisoning
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Spore-forming bacteria
sporolactobacillus |
a lactic acid producing (or fermenting) rod-shaped bacterium
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Spore-forming bacteria
desulfotomaculum |
a rod-shaped bacterium which carries out anaerobic sulfate (SO4-) respiration
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Sulfate-reducing bacterium
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Spore-forming bacteria
sporosarcina |
spherical shapes spore forming cocci naturally in a "packet of 8" cluster, in the shape of a dice cube.
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staphylococci
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spherical shaped bacteria in a grape-like cluster
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streptococci
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spherical shaped bacteria growing in chains
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tetrads
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spherical shaped bacteria in a group of four; spherical shaped bacteria in a dice-cube grouping of eight cells are Sarcina *species
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coffee-bean
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shaped bacteria (in pairs) are usually Neisseria* species
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bacterial morphology
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shape and forms used in describing bacteria
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spherical shaped bacteria
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cocci (coccus = singular)
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rod shaped bacteria
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bacilli
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comma (or bent-rod) shaped bacteria
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Vibrio
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Microorganism
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invisible life form
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Obligate
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general term designating a strict requirement
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examples, (a) obligate aerobe will only grow in the presence of air, (b) an obligate phototrophe will only grow photosynthetically
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Facultative
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general term used for the either / or alternative
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for example E. coli is a facultative anaerobe and will grow either in the presence or absence of air thus facultative anaerobes can grow in the absence of molecular O2
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pathogen
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disease causing organism
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immune
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term describing the host is resistant to a specific microbial (or infectious) disease
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immunization
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inducing (or increasing) a host's resistance to an infectious disease, usually by the injection (or ingestion) of the appropriate antigen.
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active immunity
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The adminstration of antigen induces ACTIVE IMMUNITY since the person injected builds up his own antibodies.
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Passive immunization
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PASSIVE IMMUNITY immunization is acquired by the injection of pre-formed antibodies like a gamma globulin shot.
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Vaccination
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is a specialized immunization procedure used to protect humans against smallpox which is caused by the Variola virus.
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Vaccination is the direct application of the cowpox virus (Vaccinia virus) which induces infection on the arm (or leg) of the person being vaccinated
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disinfectant
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is a chemical agent that kills bacterial vegetative cells.
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After exposure to a disinfectant bacterial cells are no longer viable and do not form viable colonies on a plating media
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antiseptic
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is a chemical agent which when applies prevents the multiplication of bacterial cells
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as long as an antiseptic agent is present it will inhibit the growth of bacteria
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pathogenic
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organism capable of causing an infection and inducing an infectious disease
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epidemic
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a sudden increase in the incidence (or rate) of a communicable infectious disease
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endemic
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an infectious disease of common occurrence (or is found constantly) in a given region or community
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pandemic
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a worldwide epidemic
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immune serum
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a liquid part of the blood (plasma or serum) which contains specific antibodies which will help cure the infected individuals who receive the immune serum by injection
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variolation
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artificial adminstration of the variola (small pox) virus into a susceptible individual to "hopefully" induce a mild smallpox infection, recovery from this mild infection will provide this individual protection from subsequent epidemics of smallpox
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antibiotic
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a metabolic end-product of microbial origin which is secreted by one organism that will inhibit the growth of another organism
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saprophytic
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organisms capable of living on "dead" organic matter, like mushrooms or molds, and many bacteria found in soils will degrade naturally occuring organic compounds
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Motility in bacteria results mainly in an active locomoter organelle called?
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flagella
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Motility is not seen in what bacteria?
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gliding bacteria and spirochaetes
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