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40 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacteria belong to which domain of life?
a. bacteria b. archaea c. eukarya |
a. bacteria
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Bacterial cell exhibiting chomotaxis probably has
a. chromosomes b. fimbriae c. endospore d. capsule |
b. fimbriae
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What is not characteristic of a prokaryotic cell?
a. a plasma membrane b. a nuclear membrane c. ribosomes d. enzymes e. DNA |
b. a nuclear membrane
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A nucleoid is
a. an extra nucleus in the cell b. an area in the cell where the nucleic acid is located c. an area where the nucleus is synthesized d. a membrane bound organelle e. the area in a prokaryote where DNA is concentrated |
e. the area in a prokaryote where DNA is concentrated
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Ribosomes are the site of synthesis of
a. DNA synthesis b. RNA synthesis c. protein synthesis d. nucleoli synthesis e. glucose synthesis |
c. protein synthesis
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The nucleic acid of a virus is
a. DNA only b. RNA only c. both DNA and RNA d. either DNA or RNA |
d. wither DNA or RNA
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Viruses are not considered living things because
a. they are not cells b. they cannot reproduce by themselves c. they lack metabolism d. all of these are correct |
d. all of these are correct
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Which of the following is not found in bacterial cells?
a. cell membrane b. a nucleoid c. ribosomes d. actin cytoskeleton |
d. actin cytoskeleton
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Pili are tubular shafts in ___ bacteria that serve as means of ___
a. gram+ genetic exchange b. gram+ attachment c. gram- genetic exchange c. gram- protection |
c. gram-; genetic exchange
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Bacterial endospore function in
a. reproduction b. survivial c. protein synthesis d. storage |
b. survival
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The outcome of the gram stain is based on the differences in the...
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cell wall
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The peptidoglycan layer is a unique macromolecule found in baterial...
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cell wall.
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Lipoteichoic acid is found in
a. gram+ bacteria b. gram- bacteria |
a. gram+ bacteria
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Lipopolysaccharides are found in
a. gram+ bacteria b. gram- bacteria |
b. gram- bacteria
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Which bacteria has a thick peptidoglycan layer
a. gram+ bacteria b. gram- bacteria |
a. gram+ bacteria
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This bacteria has a thin peptidoglycan layer sandwiched by phospholipid layers.
a. gram+ bacteria b. gram- bacteria |
b. gram- bacteria
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Appears purple following Gram staining procedure
a. gram+ cell wall b. gram- cell wall |
a. gram+ cell wall
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Appears pink following Gram staining procedure
a. gram+ cell wall b. gram- cell wall |
b. gram- cell wall
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This is a polymer of alternating N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) and N-acetylglucosamine (NAG).
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Peptidoglycan layer.
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List five virulence factors.
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1. capsule (protection)
2. pili (transfer of genetic material) 3. fimbriae (motility, attachment) 4. LPS 5. secreted toxins |
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In Gram staining, the mordant is
a. crystal violet b. safranin c. alcohol d. water e. iodine |
e. iodine
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List the factors that affect microbial growth.
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1. nutrient requirements
2. oxygen requirements 3. nitrogen requirements 4. temperature 5. pH levels 6. osmotic and hydrostatic pressure |
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Define photoautotroph.
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Microorganism that uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source and light energy to make their own food.
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Define chemoautotroph.
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Microorganism that uses carbon dioxide as a carbon source but catabolizes organic molecules for energy.
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Define photoautotroph.
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Photosynthetic organisms that acquire energy from light and acquire nutrients via catabolism of organic compounds.
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Define chemoheterotroph.
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Use organic compounds for both energy and carbon.
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Define organotrophs.
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Acquire electrons for redox reactions from organic sources.
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Define lithotroph.
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Acquire electrons from inorganic sources.
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Define obligate aerobe.
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Requires oxygen.
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Define obligate anaerobe.
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Cannot tolerate oxygen.
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Define facultative anaerobe.
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can live with or without oxygen
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Define aerotolerant anaerobe.
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prefers anaerobic conditions but can tolerate exposure to low levels of oxygen
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Define microaerophile.
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requires low levels of oxygen.
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Define capnophile.
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grows best with high carbon dioxide levels in addition to low oxygen levels.
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Define psychrophiles
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grow best at temp below 15ºC.
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Define mesophiles.
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grow best between 20ºC and 40ºC.
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Define thermophiles.
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grow at temperatures above 45ºC.
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Define hyperthermophiles.
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grow at temperaturs above 80ºC.
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List the stages of the microbial growth curve.
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1. lag phase
2. log (exponential) phase 3. stationary phase 4. death (decline) phase |
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List 5 methods of measuring microbial growth.
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Direct methods:
1. viable plate counts 2. membrane filtration 3. microscopic counts 4. electronic counters 5. most probable number (MPN) Indirect methods: 1. metabolic activity 2. dry weight 3. turbidity |
