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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Bacteria:
A. Are not found on our bodies B. Are only found on moist surfaces of our bodies. C. Provide protection to us from disease by covering our bodies. D. Always cause disease when growing on our bodies. |
C. Provide protection to us from disease by covering our bodies.
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Eukaryotic cells are:
A. Less complex than prokaryotic cells. B. Members of the domains Bacteria and Archaea C. Defined by the presence of a membrane bound nucleus. D. Able to reproduce more rapidly than prokaryotes. E. A,B, & D |
C. Defined by the presence of a membrane bound nucleus.
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Which is not true of a cell's cytoplasmic membrane?
A. Defines the boundaries of a cell. B. Is a semipermeable barrier. c. Consists mainly of a fixed, static phospholipid bilayer D. Uses proteins as selective gates and sensors E. All of the above are true |
C. It consists mainly of a fixed, static bilayer
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The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria
A. Contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan B. Contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan C. Is, due to its thickness, an excellent barrier to most molecules. D. Contains an outer membrane containing LPS. E. B & C |
B. Contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan.
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The capsule
A. May be used for protection B. May be used to help the bacteria adhere to surfaces. C. May be involved in movement. D. May be involved in energy production. E. A & B |
E. A & B
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Bacteria on fish caught in the Arctic Ocean would
A. Be psychrophiles B. Be mesophiles C. Continue to grow while the fish is in the refrigerator D. Not grow very well in the refrigerator E. A & C |
E. A & C
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The enzyme(s) that break(s) down toxic oxygen bi-products is/are
A. Glycolase B. Superoxide dismutase. C. catalase D. Hydrogen peroxidase. E. B & C |
E. B & C
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True or False:
Prokaryotes are the only organisms able to use atmospheric nitrogen as a nitrogen source |
True
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The process of killing or removing all the microorganisms in or on a material is termed:
A. Sterilization B. Disinfection C. Sanitation D. Antisepsis |
A. Sterilization
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If a 1D process requires 1 minute, how many minutes would it take to kill all organisms when starting with 100,000 organisms?
A. 1 minute B. 2 minutes C. 3 minutes D. 6 minutes |
D. 6 minutes
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Alcohols are not reliably effective at destroying
A. Vegetative bacteria B. Enveloped viruses C. Naked viruses D. Endospores E. C & D |
E. C & D
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Chlorhexidine
A. Is a member of the biguanides B. Is extensively used in antiseptics C. Is ineffctive against vegetative D. Is limited in use due to its high toxicity E. A & B |
E. A & B
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Which of the following is true of hydrogen peroxide?
A. Its a sterilant for inanimate objects but is quickly inactivated on living tissue B. It leaves a toxic residue C. It is broken down by catalase into water and oxygen D. It is even more effectie when used in combination with peracetic acid E. A, C, & D |
E. A, C, & D
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In bacteria, proton motive force
A. Is used to synthesize ATP B. Is used to drive flagella rotation. C. Is used to produce NADH D. Is used to produce FADH2 E. A & B |
E. A & B
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The 3' end of DNA
A. Refers to the end that has a hydroxyl group attached to the number 3 carbon B. Attaches to the 5' phosphate group of the incoming nucleotide C. Always has thymine attached to it D. Usually has guanine attached to it E. A & B |
E. A & B
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Which molecule carries an anticodon?
A. DNA B. mRNA C. rRNA D. tRNA |
D. tRNA
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The molecule that binds to a repressor molecule and causes it to no longer bind to the operator site is called a(n):
A. Activator B. Repressor C. Intron D. Inducer |
D. Inducer
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Chemical mutagens that mimic the naturally occurring nucleotides in DNA are called:
A. Nitrogen mustards B. Alkylating agents C. Base analogs D. Nitrous oxide |
C. Base analogs
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The F plasmid contains genes that encode:
A. Antibiotic resistance B. Recipient cell DNA replication factors C. the Y chromosome D. the sex pilus E. A & C |
D. the sex pilus
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Insertion sequences:
A. Are the simplest type of transposon B. Code for a transposase enzyme C. Are characterized by an inverted repeat D. Can produce pili E. A, B, & C |
E. A, B, & C
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Specialized transduction:
A. Can occur following infection by a lytic bacteriophage B. Results in the transfer of a random selection of host genes. C. Can be performed by the lysogenic phage lambda D. Requires the recipient cell to be competent |
C. Can be produced by the lysogenic phage lambda
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True or False:
R-plasmids and F-plasmids are both able to code for production of a pilus |
True
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The cell wall of Gram-positive bacteria:
A. Contains a thin layer of peptidoglycan B. Contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan C. Is, due to its thickness, an excellent barrier to most molecules D. Contains an outer membrane containing LPS E. B & C |
B. Contains a thick layer of peptidoglycan
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Algae are important environmentally as:
A. Major producers of carbon dioxide B. Major producers of oxygen C. Local flora. D. local contaminants |
B. Major producers of oxygen
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True or False:
Algae have a vascular system very similar to that found in plants |
False
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Protozoan classification is primarily based on their means of:
A. locomotion B. Growth C. Reproduction D. Obtaining nutrients |
A. Locomotion
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Fungi are primarily classified according to their:
A. Mode of locomotion B. Morphology C. Mode of nutrition D. Method of sexual reproduction |
D. Method of sexual reproduction
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The changes that occur in virus-infected cells are characteristic for a particular virus and are referred to as the
A. Cytopathic effect B. Phenotypic effect C. Genotypic expression D. Cytology |
A. Cytopathic effect
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True or False:
Both naked and enveloped animal viruses may enter the host cell via endocytosis. |
True
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Which of the following is a phagocytic cell found in the human body?
A. Erythrocyte B. Neutrphil C. Eosinophil D. T cell |
B. neutrophil
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A group of interacting serum proteins that provide a nonspecific defense mechanism is
A. Complement B. Interferon C. Glycoprotein D. lysozyme |
A. Complement
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The complex resulting from complement activity that leads to cell lysis is the
A. Prostaglandin complex B. Leukotriene activating complex C. Membrane attack complex D. Histamine complex |
C. Membrane attack complex
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True or False:
Gram-negative bacteria are less susceptible to complement lysis than Gram-positive bacteria |
False
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Antibodies are made by
A. Red blood cells B. Macrophages C. B cells/plasma cells D. T cells |
D. B cells/plasma cells
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How long after initiation of a primary response do significant amounts of antibody appear in the blood?
A. 1 day B. 10-14 days C. 4 weeks D. 6 months |
B. 10-14 days
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CD4 cells are often
A. T helper cells B. T suppressor cells C. T cytotoxic cells D. T hypersensitivity cells |
A. T helper cells
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Antigens may be processed for presentation by
A. Macrophages B. Dendritic cells C. Erythrocytes D. T cytotoxic cells E. A & B |
E. A & B
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The practice of deliberately stimulating the immune system is called
A. Acquired immunity B. Memory immunity C. Vaccination D. hypersensitivity |
C. vaccination
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Substances that are contained in vaccines to help induce a better immune response are called
A. Primary substances B. Secondary substances C. Adjuvants D. Adjuncts |
C. Adjuvants
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Arthus reactions and serum sickness are examples of ??? hypersensitivity?
A. Type I B. Type II C. Type III D. Type IV E. Type V |
C. Type III
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Graft-versus-host disease is primarily a
A. Type I reaction B. Type II reaction C. Type III reaction D. Type IV reaction E. Type V reaction |
D. Type IV reacttion
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True or False:
A. microaerophilic bacterium should grow only at the surface of an agar deep (shake) tube |
False
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How much diluent would you add to a 4.0 ml bacterial sample to produce a 10-2 dilution?
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396
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If you wanted to produce a 1:4 dilution of a 1.0 ml serum sample, how much diluent would you add to it?
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3
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Match
A. found on surface of B cells B. Agglutinates antigens C. Protects mucous membranes D. Involved in hypersensitivity E. First antibody during primary response |
A. IgD
B. IgG C. IgA D. IgE E. IgM |
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Which of the following is true about the role normal flora play in maintaining host health?
A. They provide a surface that is incompatible for attachment of an invader. B. They establish competition for nutrients and vitamins C. They produce antimicrobial substances D. They stimulate the immune system. E. All of the above |
E. all of the above
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The number of organisms necessary to insure infection is termed the
A. infectious dose B. fatal number C. minimum lethal dose D. pathogenic number |
A. Infectious dose
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True or False:
During incubation and convalescence a person may still spread infectious organisms |
True
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The chemical nature of an exotoxin is that of a
A. protein B. carbohydrate C. lipid D. lipoopolysaccharide |
A. protein
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Which is true about superantigens?
A. they are type of exotoxin B. They bind to MHC class I molecules on B cells C. They enhance specific antibody production D. They are processed intracellularly |
A. They are a type of exotoxin
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Diseases constantly present in a population are called:
A. epidemic B. chronic C. latent D. endemic |
D. endemic
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Diseases that primarily exist in animals, but may be transmitted to humans are called:
A. parasitic B. symbiotic C. zoonotic D. epidemic |
C. zoonotic
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The period of time between exposure to an agent and the onset of disease signs and symptoms is called the
A. Prodromal phase B. decline phase C. incubation phase D. lag phase |
C. incubation phase
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When an infectious disease cannot spread in a population because it lacks a sufficient number of susceptible hosts, the phenomenon is referred to as
A. Protected population B. active immunity C. passive immunity D. herd immunity |
D. herd immunity
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True or False:
Diseases with long incubation periods are more likely to spread extensively |
True
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Staphylococcus aureus may be the causative agent of all these conditions except:
A. furuncles B. scalded skin syndrome C. inpetigo D. tinea versicolor E. carbuncles |
D. Tinea versicolor
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Lyme disease is caused by
A. Propionibacterium acnes B. Streptococcus pyogenes C. Rickettsia ricksttsii D. Borrelia burgdorferi E. Epidermophyton |
D. Borrelia burgdorgeri
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Varicella-zoster virus causes
a. Measles b. German measles C. chickenpox D. Fifth disease E. English measles |
C. chickenpox
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Warts are caused by
A. a poxvirus B. a togavirus C. a papillomavirus D. a parvovirus E. A herpesvirus |
C. a papillomavirus
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A tick is the vector for which of the following diseases:
A. Lyme disease B. roseola C. Rocky Mountain spotted fever D. a and c e. all of the above |
D. a and c
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Which of the following organisms produces a green discoloration of a wound?
A. Streptococcus pyogenes B. Staphylococcus epidermidis C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Pasteurella multocida E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Which of the following organisms is a non-invasive exotoxin producer?
A. Clostridium tetani B. Clostridium perfringens C. Bartonella henselae D. Bacteriodes. spp. E. Pasteurella multocida |
A. Clostridium tetani
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The patient's own body is the most common source for which of these bacteria?
A. Steptococcus pyogenes B. Staphylcoccus epidermidis C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Pasteurella multocida E. Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
B. Staphyloccus epidermidis
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Which of the following is the most common cause of myonecrosis?
A. Claostridium tetani B. Clostridium perfringens C. Staphylococcus aureus D. Pasteurella multocida E. Steptovacillus moniliformis |
B. Clostridium perfringens
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Which of the following organisms most often results in disease from animal bites?
A. Sporothrix schenckii B. Clostridium perfringens C. Pseudomonas aeruginosa D. Pasteurella multocida E. Streptobacillus moniliformis |
D. Pasteurella multocida
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