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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Metabolism |
All of the chemical reactions inside a cell |
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Exergonic Reactions |
Reactions that are spontaneous and release energy |
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Endergonic Reactions |
Require energy to proceed |
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Anabolism |
Endergonic pathways converting simple molecular building blocks into more complex |
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Catabolism |
Exergonic pathways that break down complex molecules into simpler ones |
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Oxidation Reaction |
Reactions that remove electrons from donor molecules leaving them oxidized |
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Reduction Reaction |
Adding electrons to acceptor molecules leaving them reduced |
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Redox Reactions |
Pairing an oxidation reaction with a reduction reaction |
Oxidation-reduction Reactions |
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ATP |
Adenosine Triphosphate |
Energy Currency |
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ADP |
Adenosine Diphosphate |
When the 3rd phosphate falls off of ATP |
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NAD |
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide |
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Nicotine Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate |
NADH |
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Catalyst |
Speeds up chemical reaction. Reusable. |
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Enzymes |
Proteins serve as a catalyst for biochemical reactions in a cell. |
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Activation Energy |
Energy needed to form or break chemical bonds and convert reactants to products |
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Substrates |
The chemical reactants than enzymes bind |
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Catalase |
Enzymes that break down hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen |
2 H2O2 -> H2O + O2 |
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True or False: The new lagging DNA strand is synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction only |
True |
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Capnophiles |
Require high carbon dioxide conditions to grow |
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What enzyme catalyzes: H2O2 + 2H+ -> 2 H2O |
Peroxidase |
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Label 1-6 |
1. DNA Polymerase III 2. Single Strand Binding Protein 3. Helicase 4. Topoisomerase/Gyrase 5. DNA Ligase 6. DNA Polymerase III |
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Label 1-3 |
1. Amino Acid 2. Start Codon 3. Anticodon |
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TDT; Thermal Death Time |
Time during which all cells in a culture are killed |
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TDP; Thermal Death Point |
The lowest temperature which all cells in a culture are killed in 10 minutes |
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DRT; Decimal Reduction Time |
Time (minutes) to kill 90% of a population at a given temperature |
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Glycolysis |
Glycolysis is the metabolic pathway that converts glucose C₆H₁₂O₆, into pyruvate, CH₃COCOO⁻ + H⁺. The free energy released in this process is used to form the high-energy molecules ATP and NADH. Glycolysis is a sequence of ten enzyme-catalyzed reactions |
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Steps of Calvin Benson Cycle |
1. Carbon Fixation - CO2 binds to RuBP sugar with help from Rubisco 2. Reduction Phase - 3-PGA is converted into G3P 3. Carbohydrate Formation - G3P turned into carbohydrates (sugars) 4. Regeneration Phase - G3P+ATP used to make RuBP |
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Prion |
Will not denatured in an autoclave. |
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List protein from most resistant |
- Prions - Endospore of Bacteria - Mycobacterium |
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Phenotype |
Expression of the genes |
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Genotype |
Genes of an organism |
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3D structure of DNA Discovered in 1950 by |
- James Watson - Maurice Wilkins - Rosalyn Franklin - Cricket |
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Lac Inducible Operon |
Catabolic (Breaks Apart) |
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Tryptophan Operon Repressible |
Anabolic (Binds, shuts off replicant) |
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Process of Translation |
1. Translation come together 2. tRNA pairs with start codon 3. Second codon of RNA pairs with tRNA 4. Ribosome moves the mRNA until second tRNA is in P site 5. Second amino acid joins in peptide bond, first tRNA released from E site 6. Ribosome continues along mRNA until reaching a stop codon. Polypeptide is released 7. The last tRNA is released, the ribosome comes apart, and poly peptide forms a new protein |
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Process of Transcription |
1. RNA polymerase binds to promoter. 2. RNA is synthesized 3. Synthesis site moves along DNA 4. Transcription reaches terminator 5. RNA and RNA polymerase are released |
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Thioglycolate Tube Culture |
Reducing medium which oxygen diffuses from the tube opening. |
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