Microbiology Exam 1 Notes Set 2

Front 1

Nomenclature

Back 1

assign. of names to taxanomic groups that must agree with published rules

Front 2

Identification

Back 2

process of determining that an isolate belongs to recognized taxa (practical side)

Front 3

Mycology

Back 3

the study of fungi

Front 4

Phycology

Back 4

study of algae

Front 5

Are bacteria prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Back 5

Prokaryotic

Front 6

In prokaryotes DNA is held in a region called the ____.

Back 6

nucleoid

Front 7

Prokaryotics lack a true ___.

Back 7

membrane bound nucleus

Front 8

Bacteria form ________ of _____ cells.

Back 8

associations, similar

Front 9

Prokaryotes multiply by ____.

Back 9

binary fission

Front 10

Is fungi prokaryotic or eukaryotic?

Back 10

Eukaryotic

Front 11

Fungi are lower ___ that are devoid of ___

Back 11

plants, chlorophyll

Front 12

Viruses are ____ agents with the following characteristics: a simple _____ organization that includes a _____ coat and ____ types of nucleic acid.

Back 12

infectious, acellular, protein, one

Front 13

Viruses lack _____ metabolism and reproduce only in _____ cells

Back 13

independent, living host cells

Front 14

Viruses share only 1 characteristic with living things and that is the ability to ____ bc they have ______.

Back 14

mutate, nucleic acid

Front 15

Living things have the ability to ___, ____, ____, ___ and ___.

Back 15

reproduce, assimilate nutrients and metabolize them for energy, excrete waste products, react to enviornment and mutate

Front 16

Spontaneous Generation

Back 16

living things can develop from nonliving, decomposing matter

Front 17

Who disproved Spon. Gen.?

Back 17

Louis Pasteur

Front 18

Koch showed the role of ___ is causing ___.

Back 18

bacteria, disease

Front 19

Bacteria are the smallest ____ microorganisms that have all the necessary ___ equiptment for ___ and self ____

Back 19

unicellular, protoplasmic, growth and self multiplication

Front 20

Different species of bacteria show the greatest variation in ___.

Back 20

size

Front 21

Within a species the size of each species is fairly consistent? T/F

Back 21

True

Front 22

Strepto-

Back 22

chain

Front 23

Staphylo-

Back 23

grape like clusters

Front 24

Tetrads

Back 24

form groups of 4

Front 25

Sarcinae form ___ packets of ___.

Back 25

form cubic, 8

Front 26

Division of Bacilli- Snapping

Back 26

when some bacilli divide they bend at the point of division to give 2 organisms a "V" form

Front 27

Name a bacteria that snapping occurs

Back 27

corenybacterium

Front 28

Division of Bacilli- Slipping

Back 28

when some bacilli divide they lace themselves side by side (picket fence)

Front 29

Capsules

Back 29

a mucilaginous envelope that surrounds the bacteria

Front 30

Capsules are formed by the accumulation of____ and usually composed of ____.

Back 30

slime, polysaccharides

Front 31

Endospores

Back 31

spores within the cytoplasm of the cell

Front 32

Exospores

Back 32

spores released to the enviornment

Front 33

Name 2 genus of SURVIVAL spores

Back 33

Clostridium and Bacilli

Front 34

Why do molds make spores?

Back 34

reproduction

Front 35

An endospore can be 3 shapes- what are they?

Back 35

Spherical , ellipsoidal, cyclindric

Front 36

Name 4 ways of describing the location in which the endospore sit within a cell

Back 36

central, paracentral, subterminal , terminal

Front 37

The location that the endospore sits within the cell is specific to what?

Back 37

species specific

Front 38

An endospores' size is described in terms of what?

Back 38

broader or more narrow than the bacterial cell

Front 39

A terminal spore is not as broad as a bacterial cell? T/F

Back 39

False, its broader

Front 40

Flagellum

Back 40

hairlike appendages used for locomotion

Front 41

Flagellum come in 2 arrangements T/F?

Back 41

False, 4

Front 42

____ depends on growth conditions

Back 42

Motility

Front 43

2 growth conditions are __ and ___.

Back 43

Growth medium used and temp.

Front 44

Diff. organisms are capable of traveling at diff. ____.

Back 44

speeds

Front 45

Monotrichous

Back 45

arrangement, 1 flagellum

Front 46

Lophotrichous

Back 46

arrangement of flagella, multiple flagella at one pole of the cell

Front 47

Amphitrichious

Back 47

arrangement of flagella, attached at both ends of the cell

Front 48

Pentrichous

Back 48

arrangement of flagella, all around the cell

Front 49

Differential Stain

Back 49

staining procedure that depends on the chemical and physical diff. between cells

Front 50

Example of a differential stain

Back 50

Gram stain

Front 51

Gram stain can differentiate cells based on what?

Back 51

diff. in their cell walls

Front 52

All bacteria have the same chemical composition. T/F

Back 52

False

Front 53

Different groups of bacteria can form unique organic compounds T/F

Back 53

True

Front 54

Lipopolysaccharide are found in the cell walls of gram _____ bacteria.

Back 54

Negative

Front 55

Tecolic acid is found in the cell walls of gram _____ bacteria.

Back 55

Positive

Front 56

Viruses can be distinguished based on the kind of nucleic acid they possess. T/F

Back 56

True

Front 57

2 types of nucleic acids are

Back 57

DNA and RNA

Front 58

_____ requirements relate to growth in or on a culture medium

Back 58

Nutritional

Front 59

Culture medium

Back 59

mix of nutrients used to support growth and multiplication

Front 60

Defined medium

Back 60

culture medium made of components of KNOW chemical composition

Front 61

Complex medium

Back 61

culture medium that contains some ingredients of UNKNOWN composition

Front 62

Blood serum is a ____ medium

Back 62

complex

Front 63

Thermophilic organisms

Back 63

grow at high temps , 45-55+ C

Front 64

Mesophile

Back 64

grow at medium temps, 20-45 C

Front 65

Body pathogens are considered ____.

Back 65

Mesophiles

Front 66

Psyhlophile

Back 66

grow at very low temps, 0-20 C

Front 67

Metabolism

Back 67

total of all chemical reactions in the cell

Front 68

The way an organism obtains energy is an example of ____.

Back 68

Metabolism

Front 69

Agar

Back 69

solidifying agent

Front 70

3 ways and organism obtains energy

Back 70

light, oxidize ON organic compounds, oxidize IN organic compounds

Front 71

Cyanobacteria obtains energy from ____.

Back 71

Light

Front 72

Cyanobacteria is one of the only prokaryotic cells. T/F

Back 72

True

Front 73

Antigen

Back 73

compound capable of inducing the production of Antibodies to which they specifically combine

Front 74

Antibodies to which they specifically combine with an antigen as known as a _____ reaction.

Back 74

Antigen-Antibody