Microbiology - Exam 1

Front 1

Associated with Staph. infections, biols(furuncles), impetigo

Back 1

Staphylococcus aureus

Front 2

Associated with Step. throat, Rheumatic fever

Back 2

Streptococcus

Front 3

A caterpillar pathogen, so used for insect control

Back 3

Bacillus thuringiensis

Front 4

Causes serious liver damage

Back 4

Hepatitis B

Front 5

Demonstrated that hand washing reduced the transmission of Puerperal fever (childbirth fever)

Back 5

Ignaz Semmelweis

Front 6

Wanted to reduce surgical sepsis (festering of surgical wounds). Developed method using mist of carbolic acid.

Back 6

Joseph Lister

Front 7

Found a species of fungus causing a silkworm disease.

Back 7

Bassi

Front 8

Found an actual species of Protozoa causing a disease of silkworms.

Back 8

Louis Pasteur

Front 9

Koch's Postulates

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1. The organism must be found in all animals suffering from the disease, but not in healthy animals.

2. The organism must be isolated from a diseased animal and grown in pure culture.

3. The pure culture should cause disease when introduced into a healthy animal.

4. The organism must be reisolated from the experimentally infected animal.

Front 10

Pure Culture

Back 10

Only one species of microbe present

Front 11

First person to view microorganisms now called bacteria and protozoa.

Back 11

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Front 12

Developed cell theory after discovering small square structures in a thin slice of cork.

Back 12

Robert Hooke

Front 13

Disproved the spontaneous generation theory by placing meat in sealed flasks.

Back 13

Francesco Redi

Front 14

Claimed microorganisms developed spontaneously from fluids

Back 14

John Needham

Front 15

Claimed microorganisms entered Needham's solutions through the air, showed microbial growth didn't occur if flask was sealed.

Back 15

Lazzaro Spallanzani

Front 16

Disproved spontaneous generation theory with "swan-neck" flask experiment

Back 16

Louis Pasteur

Front 17

His exeriments showed the importance of oxygen to life.

Back 17

Laurent Lavoisier

Front 18

Developed biogenesis theory. (All cells arise from other cells)

Back 18

Rudolf Virchow

Front 19

Study of protozoa and worms that derive nutrients from host.

Back 19

Parasitology

Front 20

Study of insects, mites, and ticks.

Back 20

Medical Entomology

Front 21

Study of fungus.

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Mycology

Front 22

Study of algae.

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Phycology

Front 23

relatively simple aquatic organisms that are usually photosynthetic.

Back 23

algae

Front 24

-type of algae called Dinoflagellate
-produces neurotoxins
-some produce a toxin causing paralytic shellfish poisoning

Back 24

Red Tide Organism

Front 25

-very important base of food chain
-have external cell covering of silica
-used as filter for water supplies

Back 25

Diatoms

Front 26

Guniea worm, Tapeworm, hookworm are in field of ______

Back 26

Parasitology

Front 27

Botflies, mosquitos, lice, scabies mite, mange are in field of ______

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Medical Entomology

Front 28

Penicillum camemberti, digger dermatophyte are in field of _____

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Mycology

Front 29

What is the taxonomic classification of humankind?

Back 29

Eukarya
Animalia
Chordata
Mammalia
Primata
Homo
Sapiens

Front 30

To cut holes in the skull (related to demonic possession)

Back 30

Trepanning

Front 31

What are Ill Humors?
ex)Bilious
ex)Phlegmatic

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body fluids and imbalance of which caused illness.
bilious = irritable
phlegmatic = sluggish

Front 32

Romans believed feverish disease that struck was the result of malaria coming off marshes

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Bad Air or Bad Water

Front 33

Have cell wall without peptidoglycan
Halophile - extremely salty
Thermophile - extremely hot

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Archaea

Front 34

Method of Bacterial cell division (DNA copied and cell splits into two)

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Binary fission

Front 35

rod shape

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bacillus

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sphere shape

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coccus

Front 37

spiral shape

Back 37

spiral shape

Front 38

Escherichia coli

Back 38

single bacillus cells

Front 39

Two bacilli connected end to end

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Diplobacillus

Front 40

chain of rods connected end to end

Back 40

Streptobacillus

Front 41

examle of streptobacillus

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Bacillus subtilis

Front 42

example of Diplococcus

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Neisseria gonorrhea

Front 43

four cocci in flat square

Back 43

Tetrad
ex) Stomatococcus

Front 44

8 cocci in a box

Back 44

Sarcina

Front 45

Chain of coccal cells connected end-to-end

Back 45

Streptococcus

Front 46

Irregular cluster of cocci

Back 46

Staphylococcus
ex) Staphylococcus aureus

Front 47

Curved rod, may be only slightly curved, or may have several twists

Back 47

Spiral-shaped

Front 48

Curved rods, looks like a comma

Back 48

Vibrio
ex)Vibrio cholerae

Front 49

Twisted rod that moves with help of flagella

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Spirrillum

Front 50

Twisted cell that moves with axial filament, NOT flagella

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Spirochete
ex)Treponema pallidum

Front 51

Four structures external to cell wall

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1.Glycocalyx
2.Pili (fimbriae)
3.Flagella
4.Axial filaments

Front 52

What are the 2 types of glycocalyx?

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1.capsule- tightly adherent (appears smooth and shiny)
2.slime layer- loosely adherent (appears fluffy and irregular)

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Functions of glycocalyx

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1. Attachment (rocks in stream)
2. Bacterial Virulence - ability to cause disease (bacteria harder to grasp)

Front 54

bacterial cell with one flagellum

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monotrichous

Front 55

bacterial cell with flagella over the entire suface

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peritrichous

Front 56

Describe bacterial flagellum structure

Back 56

flagellum proteins wound in helix around hollow central core

Front 57

Structure similar to flagella except run length of cell between sheath and cell wall

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Axial filament

Front 58

One-way transfer

Back 58

called Bacterial Conjugation
- transfer involves extra piece of DNA called plasmid. Transfer is through a pilus.

Front 59

Gram Positive Organisms

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Streptococcus
Staphylococcus
Basilus
Clostridium

Front 60

all muscles contracted so back is contracted back

Back 60

opisthotonus

Front 61

Causes Gas gangrene, occurs after antibiotic therapy

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C. dificile

Front 62

Gram Negative Outer membrane includes:

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1.LPS
2.Lipoproteins
3.proteins
4.phospholipids

Front 63

protein that extends through the outer membrane

Back 63

Porin

Front 64

Gram Neg. Bacteria Examples

Back 64

1.E. coli
2.Salmonella
3.Shigella

Front 65

Distinguishes bacteria on the basis of waxes on the cell wall.

Back 65

Acid-fast stain

Front 66

AFB example

Back 66

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Front 67

Helps cell withstand environmental conditions, sometimes produces toxins

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Plasmid
ex)tetanospasmin toxin

Front 68

Prokaryotic ribosome density
Eukaryotic ribosome density

Back 68

70S
80S

Front 69

How many endospores formed per cell?

Back 69

1
(can tolerate 119 degrees C)

Front 70

Process of Endospore Formation

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1.cell replicates DNA, identical copy made of chromosome plasma.
2.copies isolated in a region
3.cell membrane grows down to surround copies (includes ribosomes)
4.cell wall grows around the cell membrane
5.thick spore coat grows around cell wall

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Targets metabolism that makes peptidoglycan(CELL WALL)

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-Penicillin
-Cephalosporins

Front 72

Targets prokaryotic CELL MEMBRANE

Back 72

Polymixin B (neosporin)

Front 73

Antiseptics examples

Back 73

-Alcohol
-Quats
-Quaternary Ammonium Compound
(cepacol)

Front 74

vaccine targets C. diptheriae

Back 74

DPT (Diptheria Pertusis Tetanus)

Front 75

Targets Prokaryotic Ribosomes(they have a different density)

Back 75

-Erythromycin
-Streptomycin