Microbiology Chp 9 Needs Work Still

Front 1

antisepsis examples x 2

Back 1

iodine, alcohol

Front 2

preparation of surgical field, handwashing, flame sterilization of laboratory equipment

Back 2

aseptic

Front 3

bacteriocide, fungicide, germicide, virucide

Back 3

cide

cidal

indicating desctruction of a type of microbe

Front 4

removal of germs by handwashing, alcohol, aldehydes, soaps.

removal of microbes by mechanical means

Back 4

degerming

Front 5

destruction of most microorganisms and viruses on nonling tissue

using phenolics, alcohols, aldehydes, soaps

Back 5

disinfection i.e. disinfectant

Front 6

removal of pathogens from objects to meet public health standards.

eg.

washing tableware in restaurants.

Back 6

sanitization

Front 7

suffixes indicating inhibition but not complete destruction of a type of microbe.

eg. bacteriostatic, fungistatic, virustatic

Back 7

-stasis

-static

Front 8

destruction of all microorganisms and viruses in or on an object

typically achieved by steam under pressure, incineration, or ethylene oxide gas.

Back 8

sterilization

Front 9

not all pathogens are eliminated by disinfection (some ___________, ___________) and it is used on inanimate objects

Back 9

viruses and endospores

Front 10

permanent loss of reproductive ability under ideal environmental conditions...

Back 10

microbial death

Front 11

bacteriostatic vs bacteriocidal

design an experiment

Back 11

plot of consistent microbial death rate over time indicates stasis or cidal

cells death per hour

Front 12

action of antimicrobial agents

two categories:

Back 12

1.agents that alter cell walls and membranes

2. those that interrupt cellular metabolism and reproduction (proteins and nucleic acids)

Front 13

non-enveloped viruses have ________ tolerance of harsh conditions.

Back 13

greater

Front 14

–Inexpensive –Fast-acting –Stable during storage –Capable of controlling microbial growth while being harmless to
humans, animals, and objects

Back 14

antimicrobial control methods should be

Front 15

prions

bacterial endospores

mycobacteria

cysts of protozoa

active stage protozoa

Back 15

most resistant microbes to antimicrobials:

Front 16

most gram - bacteria

fungi

nonenveloped viruses

most gram positive bacteria

enveloped viruses

Back 16

most susceptible microbes to antimicrobial agents

Front 17

what type of heat is better for killing oraganisms

Back 17

moist heat because water is better conductor of heat than air.

Front 18

methods of heat: disinfection, sanitization, sterilization

Front 19

kills vegetative cells of bacteria and fungi protozoan trophozoites, and most viruses

Back 19

boiling

Front 20

pressure + boiling steam =

121C, 15psi, 15min

Back 20

autoclave

Front 21

kills even endospores?

Back 21

autoclave

Front 22

testing autoclave function?

Back 22

autoclave tape changes color when autoclaved

Front 23

bacillus stearothermophilus spores are commercially available to test:

Back 23

autoclave effectiveness

Front 24

what temp and time

batch method

flash pasteurization

ultrahigh temperature pasteurization

Back 24

63C for 30min

72C for 15 seconds

134C 1 sec

140C 1 sec

Front 25

lyophilization=

dessication=

Back 25

freeze drying

drying

Front 26

sugar or salt in water can inhibit growth .

(fungi have greater ability than bacteria to tolerate)

Front 27

wevelengths shorter than 1nm

used for?

Back 27

ionizing radiation

Front 28

inonizing radiation sources 2 types

Back 28

gamma rays

electron beams

Front 29

wavelenths greather than 1nm=?

Back 29

UV light

Front 30

who first introduced the use of phenol

Back 30

joseph lister

Front 31

chemical method of microbial control that is effective in the presence of organic matter...

Back 31

phenol

phenolics

Front 32

pine oil and clove oil=?

Back 32

natural phenolics

Front 33

isopropanol=?

Back 33

rubbing alcohol

Front 34

?% alcohol more effective than pure alcohol

Back 34

70-90

Front 35

damage enzymes via oxidation or by denaturation

iodine, chlorine, bromin, fluorin=?

Back 35

Halogens

Front 36

peroxides, ozone, and peracetic acid

high level disinfectant and antiseptics

work by releasing oxygen radicals

Back 36

oxidizing agents

Front 37

not useful for treating open wounds due to catalase presence...

Back 37

peroxide

Front 38

soaps and detergents- reduce surface tension of solvents.

good degerming agent but not antimicrobial.

Back 38

surfactants

Front 39

arsenic

zinc

mercury

copper silver

Back 39

heavy metals

(low level bacteriostatic and fungistatic)

Front 40

___________ as 37% solution in water is called formalin.

used in embalming and disinfection.

Back 40

formaldehyde

Front 41

ethylene oxide

propylene oxide

Back 41

gaseous antimicrobial enxymes

Front 42

human tears contain_____________.

prionzyme can remove prions ( infections and deadly proteins)

Back 42

lysozyme