Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Chromosome
|
- eukaryotes: DNA molecule tightly wound around histone proteins -> located in the nucleus
- bacterial chromosomes: condensed and secured into a packet by a means of different type of protein |
|
|
Plasmid
|
tiny extra pieces of DNA in bacteria and fungi
|
|
|
Genome
|
is the sum of total of genetic material carried within a cell
|
|
|
Gene
|
specific segment of DNA that contains the necessary codes to make a protein or RNA molecule
* can also be defined as the fundamental unit of heredity responsible for a given trait in an organism - OR - a portion of the chromosome that provides information for a given cell fcn |
|
|
Protein
|
formed by a long chain of amino acids
|
|
|
Genotype
|
an organisms distinctive genetic makeup - consists of structural genes (proteins), genes that code for RNA, and regulatory genes (gene expression)
|
|
|
Phenotype
|
the expression of the genotype creates traits (certain structures or functions)
|
|
|
Replication
|
the process of duplication
|
|
|
Transcription
|
DNA is transcribed into RNA in the nucleus
|
|
|
Translation
|
information contained in the RNA is used to produce proteins
|
|
|
Origin of replication
|
site that serves as the place where replication will be initiated
|
|
|
Transcription initiation site
|
requires the RNA polymerase to recognize the promoter region
|
|
|
Promoter/Regulatory Region
|
consists of two sets of DNA sequences located just before the initiation site - primary function of the promoter is to provide a position for the initial binding of the RNA polymerase
|
|
|
Conjugation
|
requires the attachment of two related species and the formation of a bridge that can transport DNA - a plasmid or fragment of DNA is transferred from a donor cell to a recipient cell via a direct connection
|
|
|
Transformation
|
nonspecific acceptance by a bacterial cell of small fragments of soluble DNA from the surrounding environment
|
|
|
Transduction
|
when a bacteriophage serves as the carrier of DNA from a donor cell to a recipient cell
|
