Microbiology - Chapter 8

Front 1

All chemical reactions and physical workings of the cell.

Back 1

Metabolism

Front 2

Enzymes are involved in the use of energy from catabolism in order to synthesize macromolecules and cell structures from precursors (simpler products).

Back 2

Anabolism

Front 3

Another name for Anabolism

Back 3

Biosynthesis

Front 4

a building and bond-making process that forms larger macromolecules from smaller ones, and it usually requires the input of energy.

Back 4

Anabolism

Front 5

Endergonic Reactions

Back 5

Anabolism

Front 6

• Condensation Reactions
• Require input of E (+∆G)
• Uphill
• Bond-making
• Assemble smaller molecules to larger one (AA to protein)

Back 6

Anabolism

Front 7

Enzymes are involved in the breakdown of complex organic molecules in order to extract energy and form simpler end products.

Back 7

Catabolism

Front 8

Reactions that break the bonds of larger molecules into smaller molecules and often release energy.

Back 8

Catabolism

Front 9

Degradative Reactions

Back 9

Catabolism

Front 10

Exergonic Reactions

Back 10

Catabolism

Front 11

• Degradative
• Release E (-∆G)
• Downhill
• Break larger molecule into smaller ones (Protein to AA)

Back 11

Catabolism

Front 12

Condensation Reaction is what type of metabolic reaction?

Back 12

Anabolism

Front 13

Forming a glycosidic bond between two glucose molecules to generate maltose requires the removal of water molecule and energy from ATP.

Back 13

Condensation Reaction

Front 14

These example are what type of reaction?

Dehydration, loss of water, AA1 + AA2 = peptide bond

Back 14

Condensation Reaction

Front 15

Hydrolysis is what type of metabolic reaction?

Back 15

Catabolism

Front 16

Chemicals that increase the rate of a chemical reaction without becoming part of the products or being consumed in the reaction.

Back 16

Enzyme

Front 17

• Catalysts for chemical reactions
• Lower the energy of activation

Back 17

Enzyme Functions

Front 18

• Increases rate of reaction
• Increases thermal Energy
• Increase concentration of reactants
• Slows down activation energy to speed up reaction

Back 18

Enzymes

Front 19

Enzymes that contain a protein and nonprotein molecules.

Back 19

Conjugated Enzymes

Front 20

Enzymes that are also referred to as a conjugated enzymes.

Back 20

Holoenzyme

Front 21

An enzyme that contains a combination of a protein (apoenzyme) and one or more cofactors.

Back 21

Holoenzyme

Front 22

Cofactors that are organic molecules.

Back 22

Coenzymes

Front 23

Growth factors and vitamins are these type of cofactors

Back 23

Organic Cofactors (Coenzymes)

Front 24

Trace elements, metals (Fe, Cu, Mg) are these type of cofactors

Back 24

Inorganic Cofactors

Front 25

A regulated enzyme where more substrate has been added, therefore there is a higher concentration.

Back 25

Induced Enzyme

Front 26

A regulated enzyme that is turned on in response to changes in concentration of the substrate.

Back 26

Induced Enzyme

Front 27

Enzymes that convert one type of amino acid to another by transferring an amino group.

Back 27

Aminotransferases

Front 28

Enzymes that participate in the transfer of phosphate groups and are involved in energy transfer.

Back 28

Phosphotransferases

Front 29

Enzymes which remove electrons from one substrate and add them to another.

Back 29

Oxidoreductases

Front 30

Enzymes that are transported extracellularly, where they break down (hydrolyze) large food molecules or harmful chemicals after initial synthesis in the cell.

Back 30

Exoenzymes