Microbiology Chapter 8

Front 1

Define Catabolism

Back 1

larger molecules are broken down into smaller molecules - usually with the release of energy

Front 2

Define Anabolism

Back 2

larger molecules are built from smaller ones (results in cellular structures) - usually driven by energy derived from catabolism

Front 3

Define Holoenzyme

Back 3

NZ complete with its apoenzyme and cofactors - an apoenzyme is the protein part of an enzyme as opposed to nonprotein or inorganic cofactors

Front 4

Define cofactor

Back 4

organic molecules or inorganic elements (metal ions) that many enzymes require to become functional

Front 5

Define coenzyme

Back 5

an organic cofactor - several are derived from vitamins and they operate in conjunction with apoenzymes to perform necessary alteration of a substrate (they are a carrier molecule)

Front 6

Define protease

Back 6

Breaks down enzymes - used in enzyme regulation

Front 7

Define denaturation

Back 7

loss of normal characteristics (shape) resulting from some molecular alteration

Front 8

Define competitive inhibitor

Back 8

when a molecules that resembles an enzymes normal substrate occupies the enzyme's active site preventing actual substrate from binding their

Front 9

Define non-competitive inhibitor

Back 9

when a regulator molecule does not bind to the active site but rather to the regulatory or allosteric site (a site where the substrate does not bind)

Front 10

Define condensation reaction

Back 10

synthesis reactions that normally require ATP and release one water molecule for each bond made

Front 11

Define hydrolysis reaction

Back 11

involves the breaking of bonds of molecules and usually requires the input of water

Front 12

Define enzyme repression

Back 12

means to stop further synthesis of an enzyme somewhere along its pathway - control for enzyme synthesis

Front 13

Define enzyme induction

Back 13

enzymes appear (are induced) only when suitable substrates are present; the synthesis of enzyme is induced by its substrate - control for enzyme synthesis

Front 14

Define endergonic

Back 14

require energy - products have more potential energy than the reactants

Front 15

Define exergonic

Back 15

give off energy - reactions where the products have less potential energy than the reactants