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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nutrient |
Substances required for survival, growth, and reproduction |
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Macronutrients |
1). Nutrients needed in large amounts
2). C,H,O,N,S,P,Cl,Na,K,Ca,Mg |
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Micronutirents |
1). Trace Elements 2). Mn,Fe,Co,Ni,Cu,Zn,Se |
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All organisms require two things |
1). Carbon Source 2). Energy Source |
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Carbon Source |
1). Cell structure (backbone) 2). Inorganic 3). Organic 4). Maybe oxygen and hydrogen |
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Inorganic carbon source
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1). Carbon dioxide and carbonate 2). Usually used by autotrophs |
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Organic carbon source |
1). Carbs, proteins, lipids, and amino acids 2). Energy source and used by heterotrophs |
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Energy Source |
1). Used for cellular activities 2). Light used by photoautotrophs 3). Chemicals used by chemotrophs |
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Cellular activities
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1). Growth 2). Reproduction 3). Motility |
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Photoautotrophs
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1). photo = light
2). troph = nutrition |
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Chemotrophs
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1). an organism that uses inorganic energy sources 2). Chemolithotrophs 3). Chemoorganotrophs |
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Chemolithotrophs
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1). Use reduced inorganic compounds 2). H2, H2S, NO2- |
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Chemoorganotrophs
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1). Use organic compunds 2). Carbs |
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Oxygen and Hydrogen source |
1). Used to make many molecules 2). Come from carbon and energy source |
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Nitrogen Source |
1). Needed to make protein, DNA, RNA, and ATP 2). Organic: Protein, amino acid, and nucleotides 3). From Carbon and energy source |
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Phosphorus Source |
Needed to make DNA, RNA, ATP, and phospholipids |
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Sulfur Source |
1). For amino acid (cysteine and methionine) 2). For vitamins and biotin 3). Inorganic: SO2-4, S2-, H2S, and S 4). Organic: protein |
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Metal Ions and trace elements |
1). for enzyme cofactors 2). Na+, K+, Mg2+,Ca2+, and Fe2+ 3). For minerals |
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Enzyme cofactors
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Molecules that increase the rate of reaction or are required for enzyme function
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Growth factor |
1). For Auxotrophs 2). 3 classes 3). From environment or medium 4). classification |
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Auxotrophs
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1). A mutant organism that requires a particular additional nutrient that the normal strain does not.
2). Unable to grow in minimal midium |
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3 classes for growth factor
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1). Essential amino acids for protein synthesis 2). Purines and pyrimidines for nucleic acid synthesis 3). Vitamins as enzyme cofactors |
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Nutrient system |
1). Required for growing MOs in lab 2). Complex mix of organic and inorganic materials 3). Sterilized 4). Liquid (broth) Or semisolid (agar) 5). Two mediums |
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Sterilized
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Killing all forms of life |
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Agar
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1). Complex polysaccride from algae 2). Solidifying agent |
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Two mediums
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1). Defined medium 2). Complex medium |
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Defined medium |
All componets and their concentrations are known |
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Complex medium |
Not all cooncentrations and components are know |
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Nutrient systems contain |
1). Extract (yeast or beef) 2). Peptone |
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Peptone
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A soluble protein formed in the early stage of protein breakdown during digestion
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