Microbiology

Front 1

Which of the following is not a characteristic of an endotoxin? (Released on cell lysis, causes fever, specific effect, non-specific effect or cell associated)?

Back 1

Specific effect - endotoxins are NOT specific

Front 2

E-Coli 0157:H7, which causes food poisoning is what type of microorganism?

Back 2

A facultative anaerobe - thrives in anaerobic conditions but can still grow without them

Front 3

The 2 most common foodborne viruses in the western world are?

Back 3

Norovirus and hepatitis A virus

Front 4

The late blight of potatoes was caused by the microorganism:

Back 4

Phytophthora infestans

Front 5

The 'helpful' microorganisms found in probiotic food, may include:

Back 5

Bifidobacterium bifudum

Front 6

The most common and important group of microbes responsible for crop disease are:

Back 6

Fungi

Front 7

Post-harvest crop losses due to disease may be between:

Back 7

10 - 30%

Front 8

Pre-harvest crop losses due to disease, range from approximately:

Back 8

10 - 20%

Front 9

Microorganism used to produce citric acid?

Back 9

Aspergillus niger

Front 10

Staphylococcus mutans role?

Back 10

Causes dental plaque, results in tooth decay

Front 11

The major macronutrient for all microbial cells is:

Back 11

Carbon

Front 12

Which term most accurately describes the material surrounding cells in a biofilm?

Back 12

Extracellular polymeric substance

Front 13

Why might a bacterial culture enter stationary phase?

Back 13

The energy source may have been depleted and toxic products of the metabolism may have accumulated

Front 14

Some bacteria are able to grow in high salt concentrations because their cytoplasm contains high concentrations of:

Back 14

Amino acids such as proline

Front 15

Adaptation of archaea to high temperatures is mediated by:

Back 15

The stability of DNA and proteins

Front 16

The amoebozoa use what structure for movement or feeding?

Back 16

Lobe-shaped pseudopodia

Front 17

Photosynthetic bacteria include:

Back 17

Anabaena

Front 18

What do both sessile and planktonic cells have in common?

Back 18

Their genotype is the same

Front 19

Correct statement about eukaryotic cell cycle?

Back 19

The cycle is regulated at certain checkpoints by both internal and external signals

Front 20

Fredrick Sanger is the only person to have:

Back 20

Won 2 Nobel prizes in Chemistry

Front 21

Johannes Muller made major contributions to:

Back 21

Cytology

Front 22

In the genetic code, the standard start codon is?

Back 22

AUG

Front 23

What best describes the cross section structure of microtubules in the basal body of cilia and flagella?

Back 23

9 triplet structure

Front 24

What best describes the cross section structure of microtubules in the shaft of cilia and flagella (not basal body)?

Back 24

9 doublet + 2 singlet structure

Front 25

Phosphorus is needed by microorganisms for the synthesis of:

Back 25

DNA, RNA and phospholipids

Front 26

Griseofulvum is an antibiotic, used in the treatment of:

Back 26

Infections of nails, scalp and skin

Front 27

The Kw of an enzyme is:

Back 27

The substrate concentration at which half of the maximum velocity is reached

Front 28

The term 'primary metabolite' means:

Back 28

The compound produced in the 'growth phase' by microorganisms

Front 29

Secondary structures of proteins describe the:

Back 29

Conformation of the peptide backbone

Front 30

What is connected to desmosome junction proteins?

Back 30

Intermediate filaments

Front 31

Which movement does NOT involve interactions between dynein or kinesin motor proteins and microtubules?

Back 31

The formation of pseudopodia

Front 32

Percentage of genes shared by all mammals?

Back 32

97%

Front 33

Scientist that began researching the tree of life?

Back 33

Carl Woese

Front 34

What size are prokaryotic cells?

Back 34

0.5 - 5 nanometres

Front 35

pH range bacteria grow best at?

Back 35

6.5 - 7.5

Front 36

How can genes be obtained?

Back 36

Conjugation - DNA copied and transferred across pili to recipient, transduction - DNA transferred between bacteria using virus as vector, transformation - uptake of external DNA by prokaryote

Front 37

Difference between bacteria and archaea?

Back 37

Bacterial membranes contain ester bonds, archael membranes contain ether bonds. Bacteria contain 3 nucleic acid polymerases, archaea contain 1. Bacterial cell walls contain peptidoglycan, archaea lack this.

Front 38

Structure of viruses?

Back 38

Single DNA fragment surrounded by protein coat (capsid). Viroids (outside cell) lack protein coats

Front 39

What do excision enzymes do to a damaged DNA fragment?

Back 39

Cut the fragment out

Front 40

How do fungi reproduce sexually and asexually?

Back 40

Asexually via releasing spores, mycelial fragmentation and budding. Sexually (in adverse conditions) via plasmogamy, karyogamy and meiosis

Front 41

Who came up with the endosymbiosis theory?

Back 41

Dr Margolis

Front 42

Stages in formation of embryo?

Back 42

Morula, blastula, gastrula, zygote, EMBRYO then foetus and neonate

Front 43

Respiration produces how many molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose?

Back 43

32

Front 44

Thykakoids, DNA and ribosomes are all structures found in?

Back 44

Chloroplasts