Microbiology (Module 1)

Front 1

Microbiology

Back 1

A specialized area of biology that
deals with living things (some not…) ordinarily too
small to be seen with the naked eye

Front 2

What is the metric measurement commonly used to determine the length of microbes under the light microscope?  This measurement is equal to what size in inches

Back 2

micrometer, equal to 1/25000 inch

Front 3

Viruses are measured using what unit of metric measurement?

Back 3

nanometer

Front 4

characteristics of viruses

Back 4

-Viruses are not “alive”
-NO CELLS
-Lack cell membrane
-Cannot reproduce without a host
-obligate intracellular parasite
-Can be cultured only inside living
cells

Front 5

characteristics of bacteria

Back 5

-unicellular, prokaryotic organisms

-Three basic shapes: bacillus, coccus and spiral

-Can form pairs, chains, clusters or other
groupings

-Cell walls contain peptidoglycan

Front 6

characteristics of fungi

Back 6

-Eukaryotic organisms,

-may be unicellular or multicellular

-main body: mycelium

-“mushroom” is the
reproductive structure of some

-Active decomposers

-Includes yeasts and molds

Front 7

characteristics of protists

Back 7

-Eukaryotic organisms

-unicellular and multicellular

-Free-living or parasitic

-Reproduce sexually and asexually

Front 8

characteristics of parasitic worms (helmenths)

Back 8

-Multicellular animals

-Adults are often macroscopic, but eggs and larvae are usually microscopic

Front 9

Robert Hooke

Back 9

coined the term “cell.”

Front 10

Antoni van Leeuwenhoek

Back 10

Father of Bacteriology and Protozoology

Built the first single lens microscope

Front 11

Edward Jenner

Back 11

Developed the smallpox vaccine, which was also the first ever vaccine.

Front 12

John Snow

Back 12

Discovered that cholera was caused by
contamination of water that had been exposed to fecal
matter (Father of epidemiology).

Front 13

Paul Ehlrich

Back 13

Figured out that microorganisms responded differently to various stains.
he was able to develop drugs that would only kill off the harmful “germs.”

Front 14

Ignaz Semmelweis

Back 14

Pioneer of aseptic technique.

Front 15

Schleiden, Shwann, Virchow

Back 15

The three scientists involved in the Cell Theory

Front 16

Biogenesis

Back 16

states that all living things come
from pre-existing life.

Front 17

Spontaneous Generation (Abiogenesis)

Back 17

The idea that life can
spontaneously appear from non-
living material.

Front 18

The Cell Theory

Back 18

1. All living things are comprised of
cells.
2. All living cells arise from pre-
existing cells.

Front 19

The Germ Theory

Back 19

states that microorganisms can cause
disease.

Front 20

Who discovered the Germ Theory?

Back 20

Robert Kotch

Front 21

autolysis

Back 21

self digestion of tissue by enzymes of their own formation (Due to pH changes)

Front 22

putrefaction

Back 22

Anaerobic decomposition with
bacterial enzymes

Front 23

decay

Back 23

Aerobic decomposition of body proteins

Front 24

fermentation

Back 24

Decomposition of carbohydrates
Leads to production of gases (Bloating)

Front 25

decomposition

Back 25

Breaking down a living organism into simpler forms of matter

Front 26

lipolysis

Back 26

Decomposition of fats

Front 27

atoms

Back 27

The smallest unit of matter that can enter
into a chemical reaction

Front 28

Isotopes

Back 28

characterized by a different
number of neutrons

Front 29

molecules

Back 29

Different atoms of elements combined together

Front 30

ions

Back 30

atoms that donate electrons to other atoms

Front 31

hydrophillic molecules

Back 31

molecules formed by polar covalent bonding, are attracted to water and dissolve easily in it

Front 32

hydrophobic molecules

Back 32

molecules formed by non-polar covalent
bonding, are repelled by water and do not dissolve

Front 33

pH

Back 33

The amount of ionized hydrogen from
water in a solution

Front 34

Acid

Back 34

Any substance that dissociates in water and increases the amount of [H+]

Front 35

Bases

Back 35

Any substance that combines with [H+] yielding [OH-] when dissolved in water

Front 36

What are the monomers of proteins?

Back 36

amino acids

Front 37

what are the monomers of Carbohydrates?

Back 37

monosacharrides

Front 38

What are the monomers of lipids?

Back 38

Fatty Acids

Front 39

What are the monomers of Nucleic Acids?

Back 39

Nucleotides

Front 40

Enzymes are examples of what macromolecules?

Back 40

Proteins

Front 41

DNA is an example of what macromolecule?

Back 41

Nucleic Acids