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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Haemophilus ducreyi
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painful chancroid-pleomorphic gram negative rods in "school of fish" pattern
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infection likely to reach the brain how?
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cavernous sinus, cribiform plate
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Campylobacter jejuni
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comma shaped
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acute bacterial endocarditis
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most likely from Staphylococcus aureus
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Optochin and Quellung
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quellung positive: Strep pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Klebsiella pneumonia
(only strep pneumonia is optochin sensitive) |
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Hemolytic uremic syndrome
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caused by Shiga toxin and Shiga-like toxin
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Staphylococcus aureus
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causes pulmonary abscess
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Psuedomonas aeruginosa
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produces green sputum, associated with CF
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vaginal bacteria
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prepubertal girls and post menopausal women colonized with colon and skin bacteria, including staph epidermis. women of childbearing age tends to be colonized by lactobacillus, yeast, and Streptococcus species
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Mycobacterium leprae
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produces dermal granuloas, causes damage to peripheral nerves
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Yersinia enterocolitica
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pediatric diarrhea
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Babesiosis
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transmitted by tick
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E. coli virulence
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P pili positive
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neonatal meningitis
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group B strep (strep agalactiae), E. coli, or Listeria monocytogenes
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Satellite phenomenon
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to grow homophiles: grow with staphylococcus aureus to lyse red blood cells in order to get cofactors homophiles needs to grow
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Yersinia
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associated with reactive arthritis,
express HLA-B27 |
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Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever
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appalachia, caused by rickettsia, transmitted via ticks
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MacConkey's agar
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identifies organisms that ferment lactose, and grown pink colonies Enterobacter: E. coli, Serratia, Klebsiella, Citrobacter
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Ciprofloxacin
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fluoroquinolone used against gram negative organisms
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G-6-PD deficiency - what drug to watch out for?
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don't give sulfa drugs, risk of hemolytic anemia
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Francisella tularensis
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from tick bites or handling animal carcass
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Mycoplasma pneumoniae
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interstitial infiltration, cold agglutinins in serum, responds to erythromycin
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Rat-bite fever
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caused by Spirillium minus or Streptobacillus moniliformis
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Reiter's syndrome
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asymmetric arthropathy affecting lower extremities. triggered by C. trachomats. May also have urethritis due to chlamydia
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How to treat E coli UTI
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ampicillin
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Acute infective endocarditis
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if IV use: from Staphylococcus aureus, causes fever, chills, weakness, dyspnea, cough, arthralgia, diarrhea and abdominal pain.
Enterococci causes some cases, not associated with IV drug use |
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Coxiella burnetii
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causes Q fever in humans: pneumonia, may progress to myocarditis or hepatitis
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Borrelia burgdorferi
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Lyme disease
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Psoas abscess
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masses over lateral lumbar back and ipsilateral groin. from vertebral tuberculosis
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Haemophilus influezae
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causes epiglottitis, otitis media
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Rheumatic fever
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commonly damages mitral and aortic valves
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Bacterial endocarditis
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vegetations on tricuspid valve from iv drug use: staph aureus
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Listeria monocytogenes
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granulomas following in utero infection, also causes spontaneous abortion
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Vancomycin
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treats gram positive infections
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bacteriostatic antibiotics
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erythromycin and tetracycline
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acute pyelonephritis
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caused by gram neg. bacteria: E coli, Proteus, Klebsiella, and enterobacter. Leukocytosis with a left shift, start on ampicillin and gentamycin, then change if sensitivity results differ.
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Legionella pneumophila
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culture on buffered charcoal yeast extract (BCYE)
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Klebsiella
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gram negative. causes necrotizing pneumonia in diabetics and alcoholics with "currant jelly" sputum. abrupt fever, shaking chills, foul smelling sputum. Also causes UTIs in poorly controlled diabetics because glucose in urine enhances its growth
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Haemophilus influenzae
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causes meningitis in children, acute epiglottitis, bacterial conjunctivitis, otitis media. at risk: COPD and cystic fibrosis, alcoholics, splenectomized patients, and young patients
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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causes malignant otitis externa- necrotizing infection of the external ear. UTI infections in patients with indwelling catheters
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Chlamydia psittaci
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associated with birds, causes atypical pneumonia: Psittacosis is associated with dry, hacking cough, interstitial infiltrate in the lungs, severe headache, myalgias, pale macular rash
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Capnocytopaga canimorsus
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from dog bite: cellulitis to fatal septicemia
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Bartonella henselae
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cat scratch disease
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Streptococcus viridans
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most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis. Strep milleri=pyogenic abscesses
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Streptococcus pyogenes
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causes pharyngitis. complications: paratonsillar abscesses, otitis media, sinusitis, sequelae: rheumatic fever and poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis. also causes skin and soft tissue infections
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Streptococcus pneumoniae
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causes pneumonia, meningitis in adults, otitis media in children, sinusitis (Strep pneumonia is to parents what strep b is to babies) treat with penicillin if not allergic
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Streptococcus agalactiae
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causes maternal and neonatal bacteremia and neonatal meningitis. normal flora
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Streptococcus bovis
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look for colorectal cancer
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Chlamydia
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inclusions and elementary bodies. cannot synthesize ATP. intracellular parasites
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Neisseria gonorrheae
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patients susceptible to reinfection because of antigenic variation and phase variation of pili. treat with Cetriaoxone. gram negative coccus
can live in phagocytic vacuoles in neutrophils and macrophages. not an intracellular pathogen. capsule is immunogenic |
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Leukocyte esterase test
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indicates presence of neutrophils in urine= bacterial infection
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Enterococcus faecalis
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nitrate positive= enterobacteria, enterococcal UTIs are often nosocomial, causes UTIs in elderly men with prostate problems
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floppy baby
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Clostridium botulinum from honey
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Optochin resistance
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differentiates alpha hemolytic strep. S pneumonia is optochin sensitive, S viridans is resistant
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Novobiocin resistance
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differentiates coagulase neg. staphylococci into S. epidermidis (which is sensitive) and S. saprophytic us (which is resistant)
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catalase test
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differentiate streptococci from staphylococci (staph produce catalase= catalase positive)
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Bacitracin sensitivity
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differentiates Strep pyogenes from other beta-hemolytic strep. (Strep pyogenes is sensitive)
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How to differentiate different types of Staph?
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coagulase- only Staph. aureus will be coagulase positive
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mycoplasma pneumoniae
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walking pneumonia, atypical pneumonia, - cold agglutinins seen
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bubonic and pneumonic plague transmission
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bubonic- from flea bite. pneumonic from droplets
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Bartonella henselae
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cat scratch disease
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quellung test
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determines presence of bacterial capsules.
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Moraxella catarrhalis
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gram negative diplococcus, causes respiratory infection
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Thayer Martin agar
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to isolate pathogenic neisserie
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Thiosulfate citrate bile salts sucrose medium
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vibrios (v. cholerae, v. parahaemolyticus)
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Lowenstein-Jensen plates
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mycobacteria
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Loffler's medium
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C. diptheriae
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S. aureus
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sheep blood agar
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normal flora
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skin: S. epidermis and Propionibacterium
GI: B. fragilis and Bifidobacterium, coliforms and enterococci Vagina: lactobacilli in children, later anaerobic cocci, diptheroids, anaerobic gram neg rods |
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C. diptheriae
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pharyngitis, psudomembrane formation. Diptheria toxin kills cells by blocking protein synthesis- inactivates EF-2.
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